城徽设计中的城市文脉观照

城徽是城市文化的浓缩栽体、是城市精神的象征 ,在现代城市发展中起着越来越重要的作用 ,城徽是城市文脉的结晶再现 ,在城徽设计中的基本参照应该是城市文脉。本文分析了城徽的意义、城徽与城市文脉的关系 ,并就城徽设计如何融入城市文脉 ,创造完美视觉形象进行了探讨。     

No arbitrage and closure results for trading cones with transaction costs

In this paper, we consider trading with proportional transaction costs as in Schachermayer’s paper (Schachermayer in Math. Finance 14:19–48, 2004). We give a necessary and sufficient condition for , the cone of claims attainable from zero endowment, to be closed. Then we show how to define a revised set of trading prices in such a way that, firstly, the corresponding cone of claims attainable for zero endowment, , does obey the fundamental theorem of asset pricing and, secondly, if is arbitrage-free then it is the closure of . We then conclude by showing how to represent claims.      

Interrogating Sickonomics,from Diagnosis to Cure: A Response to Hodgson

Hodgson's review of our books argues against us that marginalism neither adopted methodological individualism nor excluded the social from economics. Thus, he finds a partial solution to sickonomics in abandoning the term methodological individualism and using both structures and individuals as analytical starting point(s), revisiting Marshallian marginalism dressed up in socio-institutional clothing. He also denies any relationship between the current malaise in economics and the marginal revolution, as we claim, focusing exclusively on institutional developments since the Second World War. We show Hodgson is either partial or wrong on all of these counts. Firstly, his alternative to methodological individualism is untenable. Secondly, institutions, although implicitly present in Marshallian and Walrasian economics, play no substantive analytical role and as such are superfluous. Finally, although institutional factors help explain the sickness of modern economics (in addition to socioeconomic, ideological, political, and intellectual factors), the intellectual roots of this decay lie in the conceptual framework established around the marginal revolution.     

Consumers' activism: the cottage cheese boycott

We study a consumer boycott on cottage cheese, organized in Israel on Facebook in the summer of 2011 following a steep price increase since 2006. The boycott led to an immediate decline in prices, which remain low even six years later. We find that (i) demand at the start of the boycott would have been 30% higher but for the boycott, (ii) own‐ and especially cross‐price elasticities increased substantially after the boycott, and (iii) post‐boycott prices are substantially below the levels implied by the post‐boycott demand elasticities, suggesting that firms were concerned with public backlash due to high prices.     

Semiparametric regression models and sensitivity analysis of longitudinal data with nonrandom dropouts

We propose a family of regression models to adjust for nonrandom dropouts in the analysis of longitudinal outcomes with fully observed covariates. The approach conceptually focuses on generalized linear models with random effects. A novel formulation of a shared random effects model is presented and shown to provide a dropout selection parameter with a meaningful interpretation. The proposed semiparametric and parametric models are made part of a sensitivity analysis to delineate the range of inferences consistent with observed data. Concerns about model identifiability are addressed by fixing some model parameters to construct functional estimators that are used as the basis of a global sensitivity test for parameter contrasts. Our simulation studies demonstrate a large reduction of bias for the semiparametric model relatively to the parametric model at times where the dropout rate is high or the dropout model is misspecified. The methodology's practical utility is illustrated in a data analysis.     

Pooled marketing: The challenge and the opportunity

The present situation is marketing is characterized by rising costs and increasing prices. In an article in Business Week, a commentator has stated that “...... marketing and distribution are where industry must make up a lot of the costs of doing business today” (13). Pooled marketing is a viable alternative to the marketing practices which have, along with inflation and other factors, contributed to the present situation. In addition to the cost savings that can emerge from pooling programs, the cooperative sharing of resources makes it possible to capitalize on opportunities that a firm would not have been able to seize on its own.     

The impact of the Self‐Sufficiency Project on the employment behaviour of former welfare recipients

Abstract The Self‐Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a Canadian randomized trial in which the program group had 12 months to find full‐time employment in order to qualify for a subsidy that roughly doubled their pre‐tax earnings for the next three years. We find evidence of significant impacts of SSP on non‐employment and employment durations. For the treated group, simulation results show an impact on the employment rate at 52 months after random assignment in the range of 7 to 11 percentage points; this is approximately a 25% increase in the employment rate compared with having no treatment in place.     

精于创新 实现科技与环保共发展

广东博德精工建材有限公司是一家从事建筑陶瓷及其配套产品的研发、设计与生产一体化的中外合资高新技术企业.     

Value network dynamics in 3G–4G wireless communications: A systems thinking approach to strategic value assessment

This article develops a map to analyze the dynamic forces that influence the structure and development of 3G (third generation) wireless communications value networks. The analysis builds on the Strategic Value Assessment Model (Fine, et al. [Fine, Charles H., Vardan, Roger, Pethick, Robert, El Hout, Jamal. Rapid-Response Capability in value chain Design. MIT Sloan Manage Rev 2002, 43(Winter): 69–75.]) and utilizes a qualitative System Dynamics mapping approach. The map focuses on the driving forces affecting user adoption of 3G services, focusing on customer dynamics, competitive dynamics, and technology dynamics. To analyze adoption of 3G services by customers, the articles maps the dynamics of (1) network investment and user population, (2) entry of service innovators as well as price competitors, (3) the effects of positive network externalities arising from a larger user population, (4) price compression as lower willingness-to-pay users adopt 3G services, (5) scale economies in terminal costs and prices, and (6) new content development as a draw to new users. Applying inductive systems diagrams hypotheses are integrated into a causal loop map and tested with data collected at 15 communications-industry workshops attended by 190 participants in Europe. The map aims to deepen the understanding of the possible evolutionary paths of the 3G wireless value network. The article seeks also to assess which future scenarios are plausible and what dynamic triggers might make them likely.