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71.
In this paper we discuss the fundamental inconsistency that results from employing the two traditional concepts of rationality as the basis of selecting social goals. We then consider the possibility that the selection of social goals must be based on explicitly ethical criteria. To do so a third concept of rationality namely, ontological rationality, should be adopted. Moreover, we argue that J. M. Keynes in A Tract Monetary Reform based his public policy recommendations on a modified version of ontological rationality, thereby introducing ontological rationality into economics as the basis for selecting social goals.A previous version of this paper was presented at the Fifty-Eighth International Atlantic Economic Conference, October 7–10, 2004. The authors are grateful to session participants for their helpful suggestions, though the authors alone are responsible for the contents of the paper. 相似文献
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Crises in business markets: implications for interfirm linkages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rajdeep Grewal Jean L. Johnson Suprateek Sarker 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(3):398-416
In the global economy, firms link with customers and suppliers through a complex nexus of strategically critical interfirm
relationships. Due to the diversity of environments and networks involved, these linkages are increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic
disruptions, also referred to as “crises.” The authors offer an advanced conceptualization of crises and explicate the interplay
of crises and interfirm relationships. On the basis of literature and qualitative data from 27 interviews with executives
in 13 firms, the authors develop a process model of crisis that consists of five phases: (1) awareness and acknowledgment,
(2) sensemaking, (3) response design, (4) response implementation, and (5) reconciliation in the aftermath. In discussing
the model, the authors emphasize the influence of crisis on interfirm relationships and conversely highlight the role of the
interfirm relationships in crisis management.
The authors contributed equally and are listed alphabetically. 相似文献
74.
Mark Wooden Andrew Bevitt Abraham Chigavazira Nancy Greer Guy Johnson Eoin Killackey Julie Moschion Rosanna Scutella Yi‐Ping Tseng Nicole Watson 《The Australian economic review》2012,45(3):368-378
Homelessness, despite being a major social policy issue in Australia, is an area that is not well served by data. Most sorely lacking is any large‐scale panel study that follows a broad sample of persons with recent experience of homelessness and unstable housing histories. In 2010, the Australian Government set about rectifying this deficiency when it commissioned the Melbourne Institute to undertake a new panel study, now known as ‘Journeys Home’. This study draws its sample from the population of Centrelink income‐support recipients, targeting persons identified in the administrative data as having recent experience of homelessness, as well as others with similar characteristics who may be vulnerable to housing difficulties in the future. This article summarises the design of this new study and reports on fieldwork outcomes from the first two waves of data collection. 相似文献
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The Impact of Land-Use Change on Ecosystem Services,Biodiversity and Returns to Landowners: A Case Study in the State of Minnesota 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
Stephen Polasky Erik Nelson Derric Pennington Kris A. Johnson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):219-242
Land-use change has a significant impact on the world’s ecosystems. Changes in the extent and composition of forests, grasslands,
wetlands and other ecosystems have large impacts on the provision of ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation and returns
to landowners. While the change in private returns to landowners due to land-use change can often be measured, changes in
the supply and value of ecosystem services and the provision of biodiversity conservation have been harder to quantify. In
this paper we use a spatially explicit integrated modeling tool (InVEST) to quantify the changes in ecosystem services, habitat
for biodiversity, and returns to landowners from land-use change in Minnesota from 1992 to 2001. We evaluate the impact of
actual land-use change and a suite of alternative land-use change scenarios. We find a lack of concordance in the ranking
of baseline and alternative land-use scenarios in terms of generation of private returns to landowners and net social benefits
(private returns plus ecosystem service value). Returns to landowners are highest in a scenario with large-scale agricultural
expansion. This scenario, however, generated the lowest net social benefits across all scenarios considered because of large
losses in stored carbon and negative impacts on water quality. Further, this scenario resulted in the largest decline in habitat
quality for general terrestrial biodiversity and forest songbirds. Our results illustrate the importance of taking ecosystem
services into account in land-use and land-management decision-making and linking such decisions to incentives that accurately
reflect social returns. 相似文献
78.
Measures of national product can be misleading because there is nonmarket production. There are also distortions due to transactional activities, which are expenditures to support transactions, not actual output consumed. For 1950–89, this study recalculates output for the United States, adjusting for transactional activities and nonmarket production. Due to relatively rapid growth in transactional activities, GNP overstates output growth in the 1950s; because there was slow expansion of transactional activities in the early 1970s, GNP understates actual output. Since 1974, increases in transactional activities and shifts to market production lead GNP to exaggerate improvement of "actual" output per capita. 相似文献
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