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991.
Scott D. Dyreng William J. Mayew Katherine Schipper 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2017,34(2):697-725
We study managers’ interventions in financial reporting by examining working capital deficits, measured as current ratios less than 1.0. Current ratios represent important balance sheet liquidity indicators to lenders and creditors, and have an identifiable and naturally occurring reference point at 1.0, analogous to the profit/loss income statement reference point. We find that distributions of reported current ratios of both U.S. and non‐U.S. firms exhibit a discontinuity at 1.0. For U.S. firms, we find that the discontinuity increases with exogenous increases in the cost of credit in the economy, and that determinants of the likelihood to achieve a given current ratio are diagnostic precisely at the 1.0 discontinuity location but not at other nearby locations in the current ratio distribution. U.S. firms that avoid working capital deficits report lower proportions of inventory and higher proportions of accounts receivable in current assets and, when credit is tight, higher proportions of cash, consistent with managers increasing sales volume so as to capitalize profit margins and thereby increase current assets. For non‐U.S. firms, the discontinuity is more pronounced for observations from common law countries, a proxy for jurisdictions where financial reports are more intended to provide decision‐useful information. The evidence suggests that managers intervene to achieve a balance sheet reporting objective that stems from stakeholder use of reference points. 相似文献
992.
This paper assesses the implications of China’s trade and domestic policies for incentives to producers in China. It uses a price comparison methodology (nominal rates of assistance—at the border and the farmgate), with adjustments for exchange rate distortions in the first part of the sample period (1981–1994). On average, distortions to agricultural incentives have been reduced. In the early 1980s, on average, China’s domestic prices were far below international prices. There were substantial variations, however, between imported (which were being protected) and exported goods. During the 1980s and 1990s the gap between domestic and international prices for both imports and exports narrowed initially mainly due to the elimination of domestic policy distortions. Between the mid-1990s and 2004, trade liberalization policy furthered narrowed the gap between world and China farmgate prices. By the mid-2000s, China’s agriculture was operating with only small price distortions. 相似文献
993.
994.
This study compares forecasts of US international message telephone service (IMTS) traffic using several relative mean squared error statistics. The forecasts are obtained from time-series extrapolation, univariate autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), error correction and vector autoregressive models. The models are estimated on annual US IMTS outgoing traffic data for six US–Asia bilateral markets for the period 1964 to 1993. No single approach provides best forecasts. However, forecast evaluation statistics indicate that econometric models generally outperform the alternatives. 相似文献
995.
996.
This paper examines the sources of variability in Ontario white bean production. Utilizing variance decomposition procedures, it shows that the changes over time in the average and variance of production are due largely to changes in the corresponding measures for acreage rather than yield. The increase in the variance of real revenue per acre over time is also decomposed to reveal that the increase in price dispersion is the largest contributor to the increase in revenue variance. Accurate measurements of the sources of increased variability can help target policies to reduce or offset the effects of instability.
Les auteurs tentent d'expliquer la variabilityé de la production de haricots blancs en Ontario. Aprés décomposition de la variance, on constate que les fluctuations de la moyenne et de la variance de la production résultent en grande partie d'une modification des mesures de la superficie plutôt que du rendement. On a également décomposé le relévement de la variance du revenu réel par acre, et constaté que la dispersion accrue des prix est le principal facteur à l'origine de la plus grande variance du revenu. Une mesure précise des sources de variabilityé accrue pourrait faciliter l'élaboration de politiques susceptibles d'atténuer ou de compenser les conséquences d'une telle instabilityé. 相似文献
Les auteurs tentent d'expliquer la variabilityé de la production de haricots blancs en Ontario. Aprés décomposition de la variance, on constate que les fluctuations de la moyenne et de la variance de la production résultent en grande partie d'une modification des mesures de la superficie plutôt que du rendement. On a également décomposé le relévement de la variance du revenu réel par acre, et constaté que la dispersion accrue des prix est le principal facteur à l'origine de la plus grande variance du revenu. Une mesure précise des sources de variabilityé accrue pourrait faciliter l'élaboration de politiques susceptibles d'atténuer ou de compenser les conséquences d'une telle instabilityé. 相似文献
997.
This article first reports the results of an on-line DELPHI Questionnaire study of the management problems of Internet/Web systems development. The study results indicate two "most important' clusters of problems: those that are concerned with strategy-related issues, and those that are concerned with data integrity and privacy issues. The first group is generally rated as being more important than the second. The article briefly discusses the overall results of the study. Thereafter the article is devoted to the "strategy' category of problems, with attention to the findings of other studies, including six prior similar-methodology DELPHI studies involving problems of managing technologies in other technology realms. Strategy problems are ranked among the most important technology management problems in all of the fields of these studies. A broad industry and academic effort to deal with the strategy and planning problem seems necessary to establish strategy theory and best practices for planning that are useful across many technology fields. 相似文献
998.
Previous research has concluded that, in comparison to nonminority institutions, minority-owned banks have lower profitability and higher operating costs. This note examines such findings in the context of the expense preference theory of managerial behavior. Rather than focusing on the effect of regulated product markets, however, this research investigated whether imperfections in the capital markets, introduced through government deposit programs making low-cost funds available to participating minority banks, were associated with expense preference practices by minority bank managers. The results suggest that managers of minority banks did not practice the traditional forms of expense preference but instead appeared to act in a manner consistent with public policy objectives. 相似文献
999.
The perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility on organizational effectiveness: A survey of marketers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anusorn Singhapakdi Kenneth L. Kraft Scott J. Vitell Kumar C. Rallapalli 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1995,23(1):49-56
A necessary but insufficient condition for marketers to act ethically and be socially responsible is that they must perceive
ethics and social responsibility to be important. However, little is known about marketers’ perceptions regarding the importance
of ethics and social responsibility components of business decisions. The objectives of this study are (1)to assess the marketing
practitioners’ perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility in achieving organizational effectiveness,
and (2) to analyze the relative influences of selected personal characteristics and organizational factors underlying a marketer’s
perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility. The results from a mail survey of American Marketing Association
members indicate that the marketers generally believe that ethics and social responsibility are important components of organizational
effectiveness. The results partly indicate that there is a positive relationship between a marketer’s corporate ethical values
and his or her perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility. The results also indicate that the
marketers’ perceptions regarding ethics and social responsibility can be explained by idealism and relativism.
He has also served on the marketing faculty at Thammasat University, Thailand. He received his Ph.D. from the University of
Mississippi. His research focusing on marketing ethics and social responsibility has been published inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Macromarketing, Journal of Personal Selling
& Sales Management, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, and elsewhere.
He received his D.B.A. in management from the University of Maryland. His work on business ethics, organizational design,
and strategic planning has been published inAcademy of Management Review, American Business Review, andJournal of Business Ethics. His current research interest centers on the measurement of moral intensity.
He received his Ph.D. from Texas Tech University. His work has appeared inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Macromarketing,
Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Research in Marketing, and elsewhere.
He received his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Mississippi. His research has been published inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management,
Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, and elsewhere. His research interests include marketing ethics, health care marketing, international marketing, and direct
marketing. 相似文献
1000.
There is substantial evidence on the effect of external market discipline on chief executive turnover decisions in poorly performing companies. In this study we present evidence on the role of institutional monitoring in these decisions through the equity issuance process. We find that firms which undertake equity offerings are associated with an increased rate of forced CEO turnover that is focused on the managers of poorly performing companies. At the same time, equity offerings increase the likelihood of a new CEO being appointed from outside the current management team. We also provide evidence that independent boards are more likely to forcibly remove CEOs from their position, although this is not conditional on poor performance. 相似文献