Least squares, preliminary test and Stein-type estimation in general vector AR(p) models

In the general vector autoregressive process AR ( p ), multivariate least square estimation (LSE)/maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of a subset of the parameters is considered when the complementary subset is suspected to be redundant. This may be viewed as a special case of linear constraints of autoregressive parameters. We incorporate this nonsample information in the estimation process and propose preliminary test and Stein-type estimators for the target subset of parameters. Under local alternatives their asymptotic properties are investigated and compared with those of unrestricted and restricted LSE. The dominance picture of the estimators is presented.     

Design parameters of the strategic planning process and organizational performance—a quantitative analysis of empirical research

After 50 years of research in strategic management, the design of strategic planning processes is still on the agenda for scholarly research. Using a quantitative meta-analysis, we examine empirical studies on the relationship between organizational performance and the design parameters of the strategic planning process that can be controlled by a firm. Whereas existing literature reviews focus on the effect of strategic planning on performance, this meta-analysis also considers the role of the location and participants in the strategic planning process, the distinct properties of strategic planners and the intensity of the planning method used. The effect sizes of existing primary studies are harmonized for better comparison and aggregated for a total effect. The total effect is tested for significance and checked for homogeneity.     

Unfilled orders and price changes: A simultaneous equations system

We have developed and statistically estimated a model which suggests that chances in price and in unfilled orders are simultaneously determined. Estimated systems for five industries suggest that, in the short run, unfilled order accumulations do absorb fluctuations. Our statistical analysis also indicates that anticipated increases in demand will affect current price adjustments if the increased demand is expected to lead to an acceleration in production rates in the not-too-distant future. The statistically determined weights of the industrial activity variable suggests that price is primarily determined more by the future conditions than ex post indications of industrial activity levels. Our analysis also supports Zarnowitz's interindustry comparison hypothesis that price responses are inversely related to the ratios of mean unfilled orders of shipments.     

An empirical assessment of the cross-national measurement validity of graded paired comparisons

The popular use of graded paired comparisons in empirical studies assessing consumers’ preferences, and the potential effect of cross-national differences in (extreme) response styles on the quality of graded paired comparison data, supply ample reasons for an empirical verification of the cross-national validity of such scales. Using data from a cross-national margarine brand study including fourteen different nations (N = 4,560), we found sufficient statistical evidence for cross-national bias due to existing cross-national differences in extreme responses. However, the low values reported for effect size measures (intra-class correlation coefficient, R ² value) indicated that the impact of the cross-national bias is marginal. The findings from our study provided empirical support for the hypothesis that graded paired comparison data can be meaningfully compared across nations.     

Industrial relations law,employment security and collective bargaining in India: myths,realities and hopes

This article examines the debate on reforms in industrial relations law in India, needed to support its economic liberalisation programme. Analysing a distinctively Indian experience of state intervention in industrial relations, it concludes that the thrust of the reform should be towards entrusting union recognition and promotion of dispute settlement to an authority that is independent of the state executive.     

Managing organizational diversity: Observations from cross-border acquisitions

This article examines the processes used over the course of a decade by a European firm managing organizationally diverse acquisitions. The parent company used various human resource management and structural approaches that tolerated diversity while allowing for learning to occur within parent and acquired firms. The parent also provided opportunities for the acquired firms to find their own approaches to working together and integrating, rather than imposing any particular approach on the acquired firms. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Exact finite sample properties of double k-class estimators in simultaneous equations

In our earlier paper [Srivastava, Agnihotri and Dwivedi (1980)] the dominance of double k-class over k-class with respect to exact mean squared error matrix criteria is established. It is observed that given a member of k-class, one can pick up a member of double k-class that will provide an improved estimator of the coefficients. This result prompted us to study the exact finite sample properties of the double k-class estimator. For this, we have considered a structural equation containing two endogenous variables and have investigated the properties of double k-class estimators of the coefficients of explanatory endogenous variables assuming characterizing scalars to be non-stochastic.