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171.
Sergio H. Lence Stéphan Marette Dermot J. Hayes William Foster 《American journal of agricultural economics》2007,89(4):947-963
We examine the incentives of atomistic producers to differentiate and collectively market products. We analyze market and welfare effects of alternative producer organizations, discuss circumstances under which they will evolve, and describe implications for the ongoing debate between the EU and the United States. As fixed costs of development and marketing increase and the anticipated market size falls, it becomes essential to increase the producer organization's ability to control supply to cover the fixed costs associated with the introduction of differentiated products. Counterintuitively, stronger property right protection for producer organizations may enhance welfare even after a differentiated product has been developed. 相似文献
172.
Nick Hanley Sergio Colombo Pamela Mason Helen Johns 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2007,58(3):433-453
The incomes of hill‐farmers in ‘Less Favoured Areas’ of the UK have traditionally been supported by payments related to their production levels. Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy and changes in policy objectives within the UK imply a need to change this basis of support. We investigate the option of paying for public goods produced, focusing on landscape features and habitats. A choice experiment study is used to estimate willingness to pay for different landscape features in four Severely Disadvantaged Areas of England. We find significant differences in the value of landscape features, both within and across regions, and parallel differences in the aggregate value of different policy options for upland areas. We discuss briefly how this information could be included in a spatially differentiated payments scheme. 相似文献
173.
Comincioli Nicola Panteghini Paolo M. Vergalli Sergio 《International Tax and Public Finance》2021,28(6):1412-1429
International Tax and Public Finance - In this article, we use a stochastic model with a representative firm to study business tax policy under default risk. We will show that, for a given tax... 相似文献
174.
Sergio Rossi 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2009,8(11):1-20
Payment finality is a key issue domestically as well as across a country's borders. In the current international monetary architecture, the existing protocols for a delivery-versus-payment operation with central-bank money do not and cannot provide for international payment finality through the links that national central banks have established between themselves on a multilateral basis. This problem concerns each country considered as a whole, but not its residents. In this connection, moving from a positive to a normative analysis, this paper points out the lack of an international settlement institution, as well as the ways and means to provide such an institution, as the result of a structural change of the current international monetary architecture. The lack of an international means of final payment implies that, to date, countries use national currencies as objects of trade, which are thereby subjected to supply and demand on the foreign-exchange market, where exchange rates may, and do, vary daily according to a currency's excess demand (either positive or negative) with respect to another currency. This paper argues that exchange rates' erratic volatility is the result of the current international monetary disorder, which denatures national currencies when they are traded on foreign-exchange markets. 相似文献
175.
Sergio L. Toral Marìn Rocìo Martìneztorres Federico J. Barrero Garcìa Sergio Gallardo Vázquez Enrique Vargas Vicente González Ayala 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2006,16(3):237-252
Nowadays the European Universities are worried about how to adapt higher education to the new European Higher Education Area,
as proposed in the Bologna Magna Charta Universitatum of 1998, and signed by 32 European Education Ministers. One of the key
points in this higher education reform was the introduction of new Master’s level curricula. These Masters will look for the
professional specialization and they will have to be adapted to the specific skills demanded by the society. This paper presents
the results from a cooperation project – funded by the AECI (International Cooperation Spanish Agency) and developed between
the University of Seville (Spain) and the Catholic University of Asuncion (Paraguay) – by about the planning of a new master’s
level curriculum in digital signal processing (DSP) area, taking into account the Bologna principles and the conclusions obtained
by the Career Space Consortium. A scientific method from social science, known as concept mapping techniques, was used to
perform this planning. Basically, the idea of concept mapping consists of compiling the opinion from actors belonging to different
environments (lecturers, researchers, workers, businessmen, etc.) related to DSP applications. The compiled data were statistically
computed to cluster the opinions of the different agents. The result will be a master’s level curricula adapted to the environment
requirements and the social settings. 相似文献
176.
177.
Antonio Estache Sergio Perelman Lourdes Trujillo 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2007,78(1):1-20
ABSTRACT ** ** Résumé en fin d'article; Zusammenfassung am Ende des Artikels; resumen al fin del artículo.
: The quantity vs. quality trade‐offs in network industries are well known from the theoretical literature and have been the subject of many empirical assessments, although mostly for the telecoms and energy sectors. The purpose of this paper is to expand the evidence for the railway sector by documenting the importance of this trade‐off in the context of the Brazilian freight railway industry reform, the first example of a railway sector in which tariff revisions are subject to joint output and quality performance indicators. The analysis is based on the calculation of the Malmquist productivity index proposed by Färe et al. (1995) . The decomposable nature of this total factor productivity (TFP) index reveals the prevalence of quantity‐quality trade‐offs up to the end of the reform period, but a positive correlation between them during the period just afterwards. This type of information would certainly be useful for regulation purposes, particularly as an alternative way of taking into account quality without introducing complex, and very often ineffective, penalty schemes. 相似文献
: The quantity vs. quality trade‐offs in network industries are well known from the theoretical literature and have been the subject of many empirical assessments, although mostly for the telecoms and energy sectors. The purpose of this paper is to expand the evidence for the railway sector by documenting the importance of this trade‐off in the context of the Brazilian freight railway industry reform, the first example of a railway sector in which tariff revisions are subject to joint output and quality performance indicators. The analysis is based on the calculation of the Malmquist productivity index proposed by Färe et al. (1995) . The decomposable nature of this total factor productivity (TFP) index reveals the prevalence of quantity‐quality trade‐offs up to the end of the reform period, but a positive correlation between them during the period just afterwards. This type of information would certainly be useful for regulation purposes, particularly as an alternative way of taking into account quality without introducing complex, and very often ineffective, penalty schemes. 相似文献
178.
Sergio Longobardi Margherita Maria Pagliuca Andrea Regoli 《Quality and Quantity》2018,52(4):1677-1705
Recent results from the OECD PISA (Financial literacy assessment framework. Australian Council for Educational Research. ACER, Australia, 2012) highlight that Italy is the only surveyed country where, among 15-year-old students, boys perform significantly better than girls in terms of financial literacy. This gap is relevant because financially literacy is crucial to make sound financial decisions and, consequently, it is likely to impact strongly on well-being of women. The main findings reveal that students’ performance in financial literacy is most strongly influenced by some personality traits, such as perseverance and openness to solving complex problems, and, at same time, by the school career and the type of school attended. Their effects are larger among low-performing students than in the upper tail of the score distribution. A decomposition exercise of the gender gap in financial literacy confirms the role played by motivational and attitudinal factors and, at the same time, highlights that putting males and females on an even footing with respect to personal characteristics does not suffice to close the gap. 相似文献
179.
Augusto de la Torre María Soledad Martínez Pería Sergio L. Schmukler 《Journal of Banking & Finance》2010
The “conventional wisdom” in academic and policy circles argues that, while large and foreign banks are generally not interested in serving SMEs, small and niche banks have an advantage because they can overcome SME opaqueness through relationship lending. This paper shows that there is a gap between this view and what banks actually do. Banks perceive SMEs as a core and strategic business and seem well-positioned to expand their links with SMEs. The intensification of bank involvement with SMEs in various emerging markets is neither led by small or niche banks nor highly dependent on relationship lending. Moreover, it has not been derailed by the 2007–2009 crisis. Rather, all types of banks are catering to SMEs and large, multiple-service banks have a comparative advantage in offering a wide range of products and services on a large scale, through the use of new technologies, business models, and risk management systems. 相似文献
180.