Some order relations between selection and inclusion probabilities for PPSWOR sampling scheme

In this paper we study some order relations between the selection and the inclusion probabilities for PPSWOR Sampling Scheme. We also establish some interesting bounds on the inclusion probabilities in terms of the selection probabilities.     

Estimation problems for rectangular distributions (or the taxi problem revisited)

The problem of estimating the unknown upper bound on the basis of a sample of sizen from a uniform or rectangular distribution on [0, ] has considerable interest. This or the analogous discrete version is variously known as the Taxi-problem or the German bomb (or Tank) problem and has a long history. The emphasis here is on estimation of through the lengths of the observed gaps or spacings which seem natural for this problem.     

中国两缺口不缺情况下的外资引进:1994-2004——一个金融视角下的微观解释

本文在两缺口理论的分析框架下,分析了我国金融系统转化国内储蓄为投资的过程,发现由于金融系统对内资企业的融资支持效率低下和外汇市场的不完善,导致我国在企业层面上还存在一定程度的储蓄缺口和外汇缺口,还存在着引进外资的微观基础.从金融角度解释了我国大量引进外资与两缺口不缺的矛盾.     

A COMPARISON OF POUND STERLING-AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR PURCHASING POWER PARITIES FOR SELECTED POPULATION SUB-GROUPS IN AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM1

This paper utilizes Household Expenditure Survey and Consumer Price Index data supplemented by private survey data in an attempt to compare the purchasing power parities of the pound sterling and the Australian dollar for a range of population sub-groups in the United Kingdom and Australia. In spite of the close political, economic, social and cultural ties that exist between these two countries, there have been no attempts to measure differences in living costs and real expenditures. Further, Australia has not been a party to the International Comparisons project of the Statistical Office of the United Nations. This study derives purchasing power parities which explicitly account for variations in expenditure patterns of different population sub-groups. For example, a household living in London intending to move to Sydney will find it useful to have a comparison of cost-of-living between households living in these two cities which takes into account explicitly the general expenditure patterns in these two cities. Due to the nature of the data, it was necessary to employ a new index number method derived by one of the authors.     

A forecasting model of the Kenyan economy

A demand-oriented macroeconometric model of the Kenyan economy is developed and estimated in line with the cointegration technique. The estimated structure of the model is used to perform policy simulation experiments to determine the sensitivity of key macroeconomic variables to changes in exchange rate, net government current expenditure and nominal interest rate. The results of policy simulation experiments reveal that the exchange rate and fiscal policies are relatively more effective than the monetary policy, i.e. changing the nominal interest rate, in influencing the level of economic activity. The results point to the possibility of devaluation improving the international trade balance.     

ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This paper has three parts. The first part attempts to analyse the prevailing situation in developing countries. The second part presents a feasible accounting system for such countries, by and large within the framework of the SNA. The third part goes beyond this and tries to obtain a more concise matrix (covering, in concept, those given in the accounting system) furnishing minimal sets of variables and classifications which one has, in any case, to play within the context of policy issues of developing countries. All three authors are jointly responsible for the first part. Uma Datta Roy Choudhury has drafted the second part. The third part has been drafted by the other two authors.     

Comparisons of real output and productivity of Chinese and Indian manufacturing, 1980–2002

The principal objective of this paper is to compare the real output and labour productivity of Chinese and Indian manufacturing from 1980 to 2002. Using an industry-of-origin approach, purchasing power parities (PPPs) for the benchmark year 1985 are derived from the Chinese and Indian industrial censuses. In turn, the PPPs are used to convert Indian manufacturing GDP into Chinese yuan for direct comparisons. Secondary objectives are twofold: first, to set this direct comparison within the general context of the economic policy reform process followed in each country, and second, to compare and contrast the organisation and structure of both countries' manufacturing sectors. The analysis shows that since 1980, real value added and labour productivity growth for Chinese manufacturing has been well above Indian levels.     

国外纳税遵从研究动态

国外有关纳税遵从的研究主要从以下两条途径展开:一是起始于Allingham & Sandmo的A-S分析模型,运用预期效用理论来分析纳税人的纳税遵从决策;二是基于Tversky & Kahneman提出的期望理论分析风险选择偏好以及框架效应等对纳税人纳税遵从行为的影响,并解释预期效用理论下分析纳税人纳税遵从行为的一些困惑.本文借鉴国外纳税遵从的研究并结合我国实际情况,提出了完善我国的税务稽查与处罚制度、提高社会整体税收道德水平、增强财政公平度及优化税款预缴制度以提升我国的纳税遵从水平的建议.     

Efficiency and equity in dynamic principal-agent problems

The present study examines the dynamic principal-agent problem, in an optimal control framework, with an emphasis on the equity issues. It is demonstrated that (a) cooperative solutions will not be sustainable even if both the workers and the management have full information, and (b) most of the conventional incentive schemes can at best make cooperative behavior enduring if it can be obtained in the first instance. As such, any inference that cooperation will be a result of organizational mechanisms of this nature appears to be indefensible.Organizations are like water-drops, or snow-balls or stones, or any other large mass; the larger they are the more easily they are broken into pieces, the larger in proportion is the amount of energy that must be consumed in merely holding them together. Knight (1933, p. 22)I appreciate the detailed comments of the two referees. They were helpful in understanding the issues very clearly. The present revision has improved significantly as a result of their observations and suggestions. The responsibility for the remaining shortcomings is my own.     

美国金融监管体系改革的启示与借鉴

在本轮全球金融危机的演进过程中,金融监管制度性缺陷、监管漏洞和监管效率低下等是危机深化的重要因素;在危机的救援和金融体系的改革中,加强金融监管体系改革成为英美等国的重大政策举措.为了防范风险,夯实应对金融危机的体制和政策基础,中国应该着力加强和改进金融监管,努力维护金融体系的稳健与安全,促进金融经济与实体经济的有效融合,进而保障金融安全和经济平稳较快发展.