Decision-making authority of former soviet and American managers: Not so different after all?

The restricted decision-making authority of industrial enterprise managers who functioned in the centralized planning system of the former Soviet Union is legendary. The distribution of authority among managerial levels within the enterprises, however, has received far less attention. The authors provide a profile of the decision-making authority perceived by 90 managers at four hierarchical levels in Soviet manufacturing enterprises. Their responses to 15 decision items are compared with those of 140 American manufacturing managers. The authors evaluate the similarities and differences between the two national groups as well as among four managerial levels in each of the two groups. They conclude with implications of these findings for managers involved in business relationships between the United States and the countries of the former Soviet Union. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Projecting the net migration rate of the school age population

This paper analyzes the net migration rate of the school age population in substate levels (minor civil divisions) between 1960 and 1970. The investigation includes a series of estimation procedures in order to carry out the analyses. The estimation procedures are unbiased techniques (ordinary least squares and maximum R² improvement), biased techniques (ridge regression, generalized ridge regression and principal components regression), as well as robust techniques (least absolute deviation and Hill-Holland). For each of these estimation procedures, a model was developed, based on a sample of 50 minor civil divisions in the State of New Jersey. A cross validation was made on two subsequent samples of 50 minor civil divisions each in order to measure the amount of reduced shrinkage of the square of the multiple correlation.     

The organizational bases of ethical work climates in lodging operations as perceived by general managers

The focus of this research concentrated on ascertaining the presence of ethical climate types and the level of analysis from which ethical decisions were based as perceived by lodging managers. In agreement with Victor and Cullen (1987, 1988), ethical work climates are multidimensional and multi-determined. The results of this study indicated that: (a) benevolence is the predominate dimension of ethical climate present in the lodging organization as perceived by lodging managers, and (b) the local level of analysis (e.g. immediate workplace norms and values) is the predominate determinant of ethical decisions in the organization.The implication of this study is that the knowledge gained from understanding that ethical decision making in an organization is multidimensional and multi-determined will foster understanding of ethical decision formation in the organizational context.Randall S. Upchurch has a rich lodging industry background that encompasses 16 years of practical experience ranging from front office operations to hotel general management. He received his Ph.D. in May of 1993. He is the author of a text entitled Lodging Marketing. Sheila K. Ruhland is Assistant Professor of Marketing Education in the College of Education at the University of Missouri — Columbia. Her research interests are in area of workplace ethics, workforce issues, leadership development. She has conducted a seminar on Ethics and has published articles in the Marketing Educators' Journal, and Journal of Vocational Education Research.     

As Different as Chalk and Cheese? The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs’ Growth: Evidence from Russia and Finland

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm growth and the moderating role of business environment for Russian and Finnish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For hypothesis testing, structural equation modeling is applied to the data set of 104 Russian and 117 Finnish privately owned SMEs. Results show that while in the Finnish market context EO dimensions are directly associated with firm growth, in the emerging Russian market the relationship is moderated by the dynamic and hostile environment. The results also provide evidence of the nature of EO for SMEs operating in Russia.     

Do I fit in? Impact of race on hospitality student perceptions of departmental climate

Recent reports by the NAACP show there is lack of minorities in upper management positions in the hospitality industry. One possible reason this deficiency exists is that the pipeline of qualified minority hospitality program graduates is slow. This study examined the perception of cultural climate held by hospitality students about their department as a possible antecedent of this stagnation. Current students in hospitality programs evaluated the cultural climates within the department and its effect on satisfaction using the Student Perception of Racial Climate Scale (SPRCS) and items from the Cultural Attitudes and Climate Questionnaire (CACQ). Results indicate a positive attitude toward cultural climate in hospitality management programs; however, both minority and nonminority students highlighted a lack of minority role models both in the classroom and the industry. Theoretical and practical implications for hospitality education and the industry are identified.     

What the Millennial Generation from Around the World Prefers in Their Meetings,Conventions, and Events

The extant research relates to what the Millennial generation prefers in their meetings and events. The focus of this paper is to compare the wants and needs of Millennials from five different continents to ascertain similarities and differences. This is the largest study ever done of Millennials with regard to meetings and events. While some differences were uncovered, it was found that Millennials are a very homogeneous group. Thus, event professionals can use similar strategies when targeting this group. However, it was also found that there were some differences in specific areas and event professionals would do well to ascertain their mix of attendees by national origin and then apply the most significant findings of the research at hand.