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991.
Arménio Rego Susana Leal Miguel P. Cunha Jorge Faria Carlos Pinho 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,94(1):107-127
Through a convenience sample of 260 employees, the study shows how employees’ perceptions about corporate citizenship (CC)
predict their affective commitment. The study was carried out in Portugal, a high in-group and low societal collectivistic
culture. Maignan et al.’s (1999, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
27(4), 455–469) construct, including economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities was used. The main findings
are: (a) contrary to what has been presumed in the literature, the discretionary dimension includes two factors: CC toward
employees and toward community; (b) perceptions of CC explain 35% of unique variance of affective commitment; (c) the best
predictors are perceptions of economic and legal CC and, mainly, perceptions of discretionary CC toward employees; (d) the
perceptions of discretionary CC toward employees are significantly better predictors of affective commitment than are perceptions
of economic, ethical, and discretionary CC toward the community; (e) perceived inconsistency of the several CC dimensions
is detrimental to employees’ affective commitment. The study questions the four-dimensional model of the CC construct as operationalized
by Maignan et al., suggests that culture should be included as a moderating variable in future research, and stresses that
affective commitment may decrease when employees perceive that their organizations act upon the several areas of CC inconsistently. 相似文献
992.
Sébastien Mena Marieke de Leede Dorothée Baumann Nicky Black Sara Lindeman Lindsay McShane 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,93(1):161-188
As corporations are going global, they are increasingly confronted with human rights challenges. As such, new ways to deal
with human rights challenges in corporate operations must be developed as traditional governance mechanisms are not always
able to tackle them. This article presents five different views on innovative solutions for the relationships between business
and human rights that all build on empowerment, dialogue and constructive engagement. The different approaches highlight an
emerging trend toward a more active role for corporations in the protection of human rights. The first examines the need for
enhanced dialogue between corporations and their stakeholders. The next three each examine a different facet of empowerment,
a critical factor for the respect and protection of human rights: empowerment of the poor, of communities, and of consumers.
The final one presents a case study of constructive corporate engagement in Myanmar (Burma). Altogether, these research projects
provide insight into the complex relationships between corporate operations and human rights, by highlighting the importance
of stakeholder dialogue and empowerment. All the five projects were presented during the Second Swiss Master Class in Corporate
Social Responsibility, held in Lausanne, Switzerland on December 12, 2008. The audience for this conference, which examined
business and human rights, was composed of researchers, governmental representatives, and business and non-governmental organization
practitioners. 相似文献
993.
The objective of this article is to conceptualize the value creation process in brand alliances using a dynamic approach,
based upon the literature on strategic alliances and inter organizational relationships, to explain the importance of organizational
components in brand alliances. The research question is to identify the key components which allow the creation and sustaining
of value: context, actors, objectives, behaviors, resources, and governance mechanisms, internal and external conditions affecting
the value creation process. Then the framework is applied in case studies of brand alliances in the food market. We show that
the impact of these components depends on the nature of the organizations involved, on market conditions and on the manner
resources and governance mechanisms are combined together. 相似文献
994.
995.
Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Roger Schweizer Jan-Erik Vahlne Jan Johanson 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2010,8(4):343-370
When firms cross-borders it is, by definition, internationalization. We believe that often internationalization should be
seen as either a by-product of a firm’s efforts to improve its position within its network or networks, or as the result of
an entrepreneurial action. We consider three theoretical approaches as a starting point and breathe life into them with a
rich case study. We suggest adjustments to Johanson and Vahlne’s business network internationalization process model, an update
of the Uppsala internationalization process model, to emphasize the entrepreneurial aspects of the process. 相似文献
996.
Many European governments still advocate a so-called ‘cultural exception’, intended to protect consumers and smaller bookshops,
to keep their book markets isolated from competition. Other countries, with similar aims in mind, have chosen liberalization
schemes instead. To reconcile these opposing views, this paper provides a theoretical framework to study the textbook market,
depicting it as dominated by two simultaneous forces: horizontal differentiation among booksellers and a vertical relationship
between publishers and bookshops. Using this model, we analyse the effects of alternative price schemes on the market structure
and how potential benefits from price liberalization are influenced by the number (and size of) booksellers. 相似文献
997.
We consider the question whether top tennis players in a top tournament (Wimbledon) employ an optimal (efficient) service strategy. While we show that top players do not, in general, follow an optimal strategy, our principal result is that the estimated inefficiencies are not large: the inefficiency regarding winning a point on service is on average 1.1% for men and 2.0% for women, implying that–by adopting an efficient service strategy–players can (on average) increase the probability of winning a match by 2.4%-points for men and 3.2%-points for women. While the inefficiencies may seem small, the financial consequences for the efficient player at Wimbledon can be substantial: the expected paycheck could rise by 18.7% for men and even by 32.8% for women. We use these findings to shed some light on the question of whether economic agents are successful optimizers. 相似文献
998.
Abstract. In addition to standard methods of environmental valuation, a novel approach has recently emerged which models individuals' self-rated happiness as a function of their incomes and the prevailing environmental conditions. The estimated relationship is used to calculate the trade-off people would be willing to make between income and environmental conditions, i.e. the increase in income necessary to compensate individuals for any given decline in environmental quality. While the basic idea is simple, the theoretical and empirical details may be complex, and they may vary from application to application. This paper discusses the relevant conceptual and methodological issues and reviews applications to air and water pollution, noise nuisance, climate parameters, and natural hazards. 相似文献
999.
Frédérique Savignac 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(6):553-569
This paper examines the impact of financial constraints on innovation for established firms. We make use of a direct measure of the existence of financial constraints obtained thanks to a specific survey addressed to French established firms. This is a distinctive feature of this paper as most of previous studies had to rely on proxies (like the cash-flow sensitivity), which may be subject to interpretation problems. The probability to have innovative activities and the probability to face financial constraints are simultaneously estimated by a recursive bivariate probit model. Accounting for the endogeneity of the financial constraint variable, we find that financial constraints significantly reduce the likelihood that firms have innovative activities. The probability to encounter financial constraints is explained by firms’ ex ante financing structure and economic performances. 相似文献
1000.
Philippe Bergevin Christian Calmès Raymond Théoret 《International Advances in Economic Research》2013,19(3):233-247
Why did the conventional leverage indicators not pick up any meaningful signal of the mounting systemic risk before the subprime crisis? They remained almost unchanged in recent decades, whereas the banking landscape underwent a tremendous metamorphosis. Market-oriented banking is characterized by a new type of systemic risk, a risk which essentially evolves off the radar screen, i.e., off-balance sheet (OBS) (Calmès and Théoret Journal of Banking and Finance 34 (7): 1719–1728, 2010, 2011). In this article, we argue that the standard leverage indicators are not fitted to capture this kind of new banking risk. We introduce a new empirical framework which enables us to exploit the cyclical properties of elasticity leverage measures, while at the same time controlling for the noisy information they usually deliver. In a nutshell, thanks to the Kalman filter, we are able to compute optimal levels of bank leverage. This methodology delivers cyclical, forward-looking measures signalling systemic risk bubbles years before their burst. By properly accounting for all activities, including market-oriented banking, these time-varying leverage measures tend to systemically capture regulatory capital arbitrage and the OBS risk it entails. 相似文献