Arzthaftung bei Überschreiten der gesetzlichen Arbeitszeit

The essay deals with the adhesion of the hospital carrier and physician regarding work time offences and an overtire-conditioned medical malpractice. Due to the valuation and statement of the work time law the work efficiency of an employee is to be asked for the border. The employment overtired physicians is then as adhesion for an incorrect organization to be stated ’ also in the light of cost scarceness and shortage of personnel. The question about the personal responsibility of the false treating and overtired physician is answered. Here is to be particularly considered the dependence of the physician on the roster organization and its specific employee protection by the work time law. The consequences for the physician adhesion process and in particular for the burden of proof are to be examined then. In the center it is located here whether the overtire-conditioned damage of the patient represents a rough treatment error because such a rough treatment error justifies the reversal of the burden of proof for causality. Finally the influence of the work time offence is examined in connection with the damage of the patient for the liability insurance protection.     

Start der Diskussion zur Ausgestaltung des künftigen Regel- und Ausgleichsenergiesystems für den deutschen Gasmarkt

Whilst the conditions for access to the German gas networks have been largely defined the rules for balancing and imbalance pricing are still intransparent and inconsistent. Following the recent publication of a study on behalf of the German regulator in November 2007 the German gas industry has now entered into official discussions about the future organisation of balancing mechanisms for the German gas market, with the aim of ensuring non-discriminatory network access. The objective of this study was to create a comprehensive basis for discussion and to suggest both a market-based model for the procurement of balancing energy by network operators and the non-discriminatory and transparent pricing of imbalances on the shippers’ side, taking account of the specific conditions of the German gas market. This paper explains the options that are currently discussed, provides relevant background and summarises the status quo.     

Statistenrolle als Migrant zu vergeben

Studies regarding the media portrayal of migrants differentiate between the actor roles of active speakers and passive objects. Furthermore, the single indicators applied in many studies cannot capture the interconnectedness of public debates on migrants. By understanding the debate as a symbolic network of media-imparted interactions, this study analyses the discursively important role of the addressee. United in the concept of the active-passive-balance of public representation, the network-analytic indicators show to what extent the media are representing migrants adequately or whether they over-/underrepresent them in specific roles. The gathered relational data of a claims analysis of press articles from June 1999 and 2009 portray changes of migrants?? actor roles. A high legitimation of migrants as addressees substantiates indications of positive discrimination in the sense of ??goodwill coverage??. Structurally the media-imparted interactions, esp. the level of conflict in the debate, point towards existing partitioning tendencies in the social collectives?? discourse.     

Economic performance in Latin America in the 2000s: recession,recovery, and resilience?

This paper examines Latin America’s economic performance in the last three decades with the objective of assessing whether it entered a new phase of strong and persistent growth with stabilization in the 2000s. Our analysis pays special attention to the changing roles of exports and investment as drivers of growth and to the region’s performance in the fiscal area, the composition and dynamics of foreign trade, investment and labour productivity. Our results indicate that, in general, the region has achieved important progress in macroeconomic matters, but it has failed to overcome major structural, long-term constraints linked to its balance of payments and to a lesser extent its fiscal performance. Unless these challenges are resolved, the region’s long-term growth will hardly be favourable.     

Housing affordability during the urban transition in Spain

During the decades prior to the Civil War, Spain experienced a rapid process of urbanization, which was accompanied by the demographic transition and sizeable rural–urban migrations. This article investigates how urban housing markets reacted to these far‐reaching changes, which increased demand for dwellings. To this end, this study employs a new hedonic index of real housing prices and constructs a cross‐regional panel dataset of rents and housing price fundamentals. This new evidence indicates that rents were not a significant financial burden on low‐income families and, hence, housing was affordable for the working classes. The article also shows that families’ access to new homes was facilitated by a sizeable growth in the housing supply. Substantial investments in urban infrastructure and the institutional framework enabled the construction of new homes at affordable prices. Our results suggest that housing problems were not as pervasive during the urban transition as the literature often seems to claim.