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81.
Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: Monitoring local government planning under the Resource Management Act 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the light of the increasing pace and scale of tourism activity in New Zealand, the concept of sustainable tourism has become a key ingredient in the nation's tourism strategy. This paper explores sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand at the level of local government, and in particular, focuses on the implementation of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) as a mechanism for achieving sustainable tourism. Using the findings of a survey of Regional Councils and Territorial Local Authorities, the paper explores public sector planning responses to tourism impacts and sustainability concerns in New Zealand. The paper extends the earlier work of Page and Thorn (1997. Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: public sector planning responses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5(1): 59-77; 2002. Towards sustainable tourism development and planning in New Zealand: the public sector response revisited. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10(3): 222-238), which identified major issues of concern at local council level with regard to tourism impacts and argued the need for a national vision for tourism to ensure that the RMA achieved its original goals. Since then, a national tourism strategy has been published and changes in legislation have further empowered local authorities to further progress the sustainability agenda. This paper examines these developments and the ensuing implications, concluding that significant progress has been made in developing tourism policies at the local level, but that a number of constraints and issues limit the development of New Zealand as a sustainable destination. 相似文献
82.
The evolving brand logic: a service-dominant logic perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael A. Merz Yi He Stephen L. Vargo 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(3):328-344
The meanings of brand and branding have been evolving over the past several decades. This evolution is converging on a new
conceptual logic, which views brand in terms of collaborative, value co-creation activities of firms and all of their stakeholders and brand value in terms of the stakeholders’ collectively perceived value-in-use. The authors argue that this new logic parallels and reflects
the related, evolving service-dominant (S-D) logic in marketing. They provide an historical account of the branding literature,
organize it into eras, and connect it to the evolution in marketing as captured by S-D logic. The analysis provides further
support for the S-D logic of marketing and suggests a related research agenda for furthering the understanding of brand and
branding. It also suggests that marketing managers might benefit from investing resources in building strong brand relationships
with all of their stakeholders and a service-dominant firm philosophy built around brand value co-creation. 相似文献
83.
The role that personality plays in the justification of organizational sabotage behavior was examined. In a two phase study, 120 business students were first surveyed to create a list of 51 methods of sabotage. In the second phase, 274 other business students rated justifiability of the 51 methods and completed Machiavellian and hostility scales. A factor analysis of the justification ratings yielded four factors: (1) methods of sabotaging company profits and production, (2) informational sabotage, (3) violent and illegal methods, and (4) traditional labor methods of sabotage. A 2 (high versus low Machiavellianism) ×2 (high versus low hostility) ANOVA upon factor scores for justifiability revealed significant main effects for hostility and significant interactive effects on Factors 1 and 2. Results were discussed in terms of differences in management and blue collar methods of sabotage and in terms of a self-presentational approach to justification of sabotage.
Robert A. Giacalone is currently Assistant Professor of Management Systems at the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business, University of Richmond. Dr. Giacalone has published a variety of articles in the areas of organizational impression management, organizational sabotage and business ethics. His book, Impression Management in the Organization, co-edited with Paul Rosenfeld, is due out in 1989.Stephen B. Knouse is currently Associate Professor of Management at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. Dr. Knouse has published numerous articles on the letter of recommendation and impression management. 相似文献
84.
John Dobson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,86(1):43-50
This paper begins by summarizing and distilling MacIntyre’s sweeping critique of modern business. It identifies the crux of
MacIntyre’s critique as centering on the fundamental Aristotelian concepts of internal goods and practices. MacIntyre essentially
follows Aristotle in arguing that by privileging external goods over internal goods, business activity – and certainly modern
capitalistic business activity – corrupts practices. Thus, from the perspective of virtue ethics, business is morally indefensible.
The paper continues with an evaluation of MacIntyre’s arguments. The conclusion is drawn that MacIntyre’s critique, although
partially valid, does not vitiate modern business as he claims. In short, modern business need not of necessity be antithetical
to individuals’ pursuit of internal goods within practices. 相似文献
85.
The primary contributions of smallholders during the communist and early postcommunist periods have been food production and labour for large farms. Those conditions are changing, however, as modern farms require less labour and food supply may be imported. For most smallholders in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the postcommunist neoliberal environment has not brought significant improvement, and strong arguments can be made that land grabbing, social and economic exclusion, and rural poverty are worse than regime bias during the communist period. Cooperatives, which have empowered smallholders in other parts of the world, have not been as well developed in postcommunist nations. 相似文献
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88.
Theories of aspiration level effects predict that decisions under uncertainty will depend on whether performance is above or below some target level of performance. A sample of 5000 quarterly earnings announcements by publicity held companies listed on the COMPUSTAT and CRSP data bases is examined to test this hypothesis. Four models from the current accounting literature are used as alternative estimates of the target level of earnings for these firms. When earnings are announced the difference between actual and forecast earnings, here called a forecast error, can be computed. The data indicate that the relationship between valuation and forecast error differs conditional on the sign of the forecast error. 相似文献
89.
The integrated resorts rely on social network sites (SNSs) for content marketing, while one of the main purposes of content marketing is customer engagement that will leverage the impact of branded content. This study investigates the factors influencing customer engagement with brand posts of integrated resorts on the SNSs. The findings highlight the important influence of both media-type and content-type factors on the level of customer engagement in SNSs of integrated resorts. This study provides practical implications for integrated resorts to develop SNS online content marketing strategy. 相似文献
90.
The main objectives of this study are (1) to identify the factors that influence the demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong and (2) to generate quarterly forecasts of that demand to assess the impact of the ongoing financial/economic crisis. The demand for four types of hotel room from the residents of nine major origin countries is considered, and forecasts are generated from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2015. Econometric approaches are employed to calculate the demand elasticities and their corresponding confidence intervals, which are then used to generate interval demand predictions. The empirical results reveal that the most important factors in determining the demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong are the economic conditions (measured by income level) in the origin markets, the price of the hotel rooms and the ‘word of mouth’ effect. Demand for High Tariff A and Medium Tariff hotel rooms is estimated to have experienced negative annual growth in 2009 due to the influence of the financial/economic crisis, whereas that for High Tariff B hotel rooms is thought to have grown in 2009 after having decreased in 2008. The demand for tourist guesthouse rooms is expected to be the least affected by the crisis. Overall demand is predicted to recover gradually from 2010 onwards. 相似文献