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61.
Governments have been snooping on information systems in foreign countries and in their own. However, that's only part of a greater problem. The threat of cyberattacks from a variety of sources violates confidentiality and can cause the theft, abuse, manipulation, or destruction of information. But instead of narrowly focusing on a specific type of threat, the authors advise a well‐considered program: understand the actual risks, develop an overall information security strategy, and implement advanced and persistent defenses against cyberattacks. 相似文献
62.
Steven Cook 《Quantitative Finance》2013,13(4):359-363
We consider the valuation of energy storage facilities within the framework of stochastic control. Our two main examples are natural gas dome storage and hydroelectric pumped storage. Focusing on the timing flexibility aspect of the problem we construct an optimal switching model with inventory. Thus, the manager has a constrained compound American option on the inter-temporal spread of the commodity prices. Extending the methodology from Carmona and Ludkovski [Appl. Math. Finance, 2008], we then construct a robust numerical scheme based on Monte Carlo regressions. Our simulation method can handle a generic Markovian price model and easily incorporates many operational features and constraints. To overcome the main challenge of the path-dependent storage levels, two numerical approaches are proposed. The resulting scheme is compared with the traditional quasi-variational framework and illustrated with several concrete examples. We also consider related problems of interest, such as supply guarantees and mines management. 相似文献
63.
This paper examines the linkage between the use of outside directors and managerial ownership. We conjecture there are two linkages: the standard incentive‐alignment demand for monitoring when managers own little stock and an entrenchment‐amelioration demand when managerial stock ownership is high. As a consequence, we predict the association between managerial ownership and board composition will be nonlinear (U‐shaped if the entrenchment effect is sufficiently pronounced). Using UK data, we find that both quadratic and logarithmic models outperform the simple linear relationship assumed in prior research and that the substitution between managerial ownership and board composition is stronger than hitherto supposed. 相似文献
64.
Rigatti SJ 《Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)》2010,42(1):18-29
A guide to the use of SEER data to analyze cancer survival using the SEER*Stat software package is presented. Relative and cause-specific survival techniques are demonstrated via examples, and the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are explored. 相似文献
65.
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68.
This paper considers intermediate and final public goods as stocks from which consumers obtain a flow of services by expending scarce time. The services so obtained depend on the time other individuals spend utilizing these same goods. Optimality conditions are derived for both stock levels and flow usage where tolls are required to cover costs. The elasticities in the resulting formulae are endogenous in the sense that only certain values are permissible. In the intermediate good case, at the optimum, the public good will always be locally optimally supplied and locally underutilized to a degree which depends on the congestion parameter. 相似文献
69.
The asymmetric unit root tests of Enders and Granger (Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 16, 304–11, 1998) are examined using consistent threshold estimation and the original two-step procedure. In contrast to earlier studies, the ability of the tests to jointly reject the unit root and symmetry hypotheses is examined, thus permitting a fuller analysis of the tests' properties. Whilst the threshold autoregressive test is found to have little power in either its consistent or original forms, the consistent momentum-threshold autoregressive test is found to exhibit high power against a range of plausible alternatives when using newly derived critical values. 相似文献
70.
Jalpa A. Doshi Pengxiang Li Sunita Desai Steven C. Marcus 《Journal of medical economics》2017,20(12):1252-1260