Measurement of English farming technological change, 1523–1900

I have argued that for the period from 1661 to 1850, patent data in England were consistent in that no official changes in methods and standards of issuance occurred. Book data on titles published on farming production methods were similarly consistent from 1523 to the mid-19th century because the market for books developed gradually and the technology of printing was not substantially changed until the mid-19th century.My main point is that data on output of titles of books on farming productive techniques in England are useful measures of technological change. Books did have information on good production methods and could express productive ideas where a patent may not be issued. Further, the literacy rate of farmers was high so that books were likely an important source of ideas on farming production methods. Finally, the fluctuations in the book data were highly related to the fluctuations in the patent data, suggesting that a common set of factors caused those fluctuations. The high correlations between the detrended book and patent data indicate that if we accept patenting as a useful measure of technology we may also accept book title output of a technical nature as a good measure of technical change.I used the data for a simple analysis of the trend growth rate of agricultural technology in England from 1551 to 1850. While there is limited evidence to show that the subperiod 1651–1750 saw a slowing in the trend of development of farming technology, I argue that a division of the entire period into subperiods is too simplistic. A more fruitful approach would be an analysis of the underlying forces that determined the trend of development of the technology of English agriculture.The next step is an analysis of the forces that influenced technological development of English farming. From an economic point of view, market forces play an important role in influencing technology. Because such an analysis deserves careful consideration, I leave that to another paper (see Sullivan and Simon, 1983).     

从聚丙烯装置的高速建设看未来我国丙烯市场压力

近年来，随着我国国民经济的持续高速发展，我国聚丙烯市场消费量逐年较大幅度上升。为了满足国内对聚丙烯日益增长的需求，聚丙烯业界将投资高度集中在聚丙烯装置建设方面，分别采用独资、合资方式建设聚丙烯装置，国内已掀起新一轮聚丙烯建设高潮。在未来4～5年，我国将有8套世界级规模的聚丙烯装置投产，合计能力达到2．19～2．34Mt／a，聚丙烯装置的高速建设无疑对其原料丙烯的供应带来一定的压力。文章分析了丙烯行业状况，未来丙烯市场可能出现的供不应求趋势以及相应的解决方案。     

银行信贷管理与企业虚假财务信息的识别及调整

识别虚假财务信息,是银行信贷人员应当掌握的基本技能.而实际上,目前企业造假的倾向和手段与银行信贷人员的识别能力是不对称的.本文结合实际,着重从信贷审查的角度,介绍企业虚假财务信息的识别以及进行真实性调整的操作方法,希望有助于降低信贷人员自身的能力风险.     

战略联盟--我国中小银行发展的理性选择

我国中小银行是银行业的弱势群体，其生存空间狭小，加入WTO后其面临的形势更加严峻。中小银行在业务、管理、资本等方面实施功能协议式或股权参与式战略联盟有益于其拓展生存空间。     

油田井口防喷器产品用户满意度评价

顾客满意度（CSD）这一指标的测量和利用在现代企业的组织和生产中显得尤为重要。针对CSD测量结果存在主观多、客观少、定性多、定量少的缺点，提出采用多目标决策的对层分析法，并结合加权平均法，阐述油田井口防喷器满意度评价。     

我国电力市场发展模式探讨

本文就我国电力市场的发展模式进行了探讨,并构造了三个不同阶段的模式:发电竞争模式、输电网开放模式、零售竞争模式,给出了三种模式的具体框图和主要特点及其过渡方法。     

合伙制是注册会计师行业诚信的制度基础

我国目前存在合伙制会计师事务所和有限责任会计师事务所.在以诚信立业的注册会计师行业发展历程中,合伙制是一种市场筛选的结果.合伙制有助于注册会计师行业的行为自律,从根本上保证注册会计师行业的诚信.合伙制形成的巨额赔偿,有效地激励了市场各种可能制衡力量来制约注册会计师行业的行为.因此,合伙制是注册会计师行业诚信的制度基础.     

影响投标决策的典型因素

基于美国斯坦福大学Boyd C．Paulson．Jr．教授所准备的材料，本介绍了影响招标决策的典型因素，包括：企业的目标和现有能力，工程项目位置，投标时间和地点，如何获得设计图和规范，法定的和其他官方要求，工程特定范围，资源比较的决策。     

2002年世界和中国石化工业综述

2002年世界经济恢复增长但依然乏力，全球石油石化工业经营艰难，一体化石油石化公司营业收入增加，但净利润下降，纯化工公司盈利水平有所提高；全球乙烯能力增幅下降，需求不振，毛利基本与2001年持平，但聚烯烃利润有所回升；石油石化业趋于产业集中化、业务专业化、规模大型化和市场全球化；一体化石油石化公司勘探开发投资增加，石油化工投资下降，兼并重组更趋理性成熟。2002年中国石油石化行业的外部经营环境发生了新的变化，国内经济持续高速增长，石化产品需求量再创历史新高，石化产品产量稳步增长，进口量也大幅增加。展望21世纪前10年，中国的石油石化工业既面临加入WTO以后严峻的竞争和挑战，又迎来了珍贵的历史性发展机遇。中国石油石化行业应进一步深化改革，转换经营机制，以科技创新和管理创新为提高竞争能力、盈利能力和管理水平提供支撑。