中国的燃油税改革：意义、措施与前景--兼论《能源法（征求意见稿）》的若干问题

参照国际惯例，将燃油税定义为包括石油产品消费税等在内的车用燃料间接税的统称，而并非单纯指“费改税”。燃油税改革具有促进石油安全、矫正道路使用和污染外部性以及促进经济发展方式转变的三重意义。在燃油税改革的优化政策选择上，建议主要采用从价税制，并逐步将现行石油税率调整至最优税率，同时努力扩大石油业的市场准入，增强产业竞争性，以有助于在石油价格管制解除后燃油税负的公平分担。中国燃油税改革进展迟缓的根本原因在于缺乏政治动力，即在交通部门和其他部门之间、中央和地方之间存在巨大的制度转换成本。因此，必须设计出中央与地方、部门间激励相容的改革路径。建议将燃油税改革分解为两个步骤：一是将现行的养路费转换为燃油税，二是在燃油税体制建立后，相机调整至最优税率。燃油税收入可考虑主要用于道路养护、降低道路运输成本等方面，以在扩大石油贸易利得、矫正道路使用外部性的基础上，降低商务成本，推动国民经济平稳发展。     

Firm Responses to Income Inequality and the Cost of Time

The full cost of shopping includes the cost of the shopper's time.When that cost increases, stores have incentives to respond in waysthat economize on shopper time. One response is to substitute in-storelabor for shopper time. Pooled cross-sectional tests using data fromsuburban and city food stores show that various labor intensitymeasures are higher where the opportunity cost of shopper time ishigher. We distinguish between income and cost of time effects byshowing that store labor intensity depends on the composition ofincome between male and female members of the family, and notonly on the level of family income. We obtain similar results for twoother ways that food stores can economize on shopper time – locatingcloser to the customer and offering more check out stations withina store. We also use a unique shopping time survey to showthat shoppers from higher income households make fewer visitsto food stores, spend less time per visit in the check out line andare more likely to shop at stores with longer hours.     

Japan-China Economic Association: All Efforts for Promoting Bilateral Trade——Interview with Mr. Takashima, General Manager of Japan-China Economic Association Beijing Office, Vice Chairman of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry in China

"Japan-China Economic Association was established early before 1972 when the bilateral diplomatic relation between the two nations was normalized, showing that our mission has gone through the whole process of the Japan-China diplomatic relations."     

Economic Impact of the Structural Changes of Production Technology: A Robust Approach

In this article, edge theorem and boundary theorem, one of the most important results obtained recently in the field of robust control theory, is applied to analyze the economic impact of structural change of production technology in one economic sector, by means of the famous dynamic Leontief input–output model. Two theorems, parallel to edge theorem and boundary theorem, are given in terms of economics in this paper. It is argued that in a sense the complex analysis about the economic impact of production technological changes is equivalent to a one-dimensional computation problem, which is easy to solve. A case study is given in the last section of this paper.     

China-US Business Forum：Trade Deficit Not Big, Not to Hurt Sino-gS Trade Relations

＂The trade between China and America has never been better.＂ Bruce W. Blakeman, Special Councel to the US Secretary of Commerce said in August, 2005 when interviewed by China＇s Foreign Trade. But the trade conflicts between the two countries have always been seen during the past a half year, especially on the issue of trade deficit.     

企业总部的都市化与都市经济的总部经济化

都市经济的总部经济化正在成为我国许多大城市经济发展的一种重要趋势.这是一个主要由企业总部的都市化所驱动的过程,也是企业在企业总部都市化的收益超过企业总部都市化成本的条件下理性选择的结果.因此,处在这一阶段的城市地方政府主要应在规范和放松对总部企业的规制以及提高行政服务效率上下功夫.     

《蔚蓝青岛》 华丽的文化符号

中共青岛市委副书记．市长夏耕在2008年青岛市人民政府工作报告中明确提出，要把《蔚蓝青岛》打造成青岛市的大型歌舞品牌。使之成为能够代表青岛特色的艺术典型，用歌舞向全世界的游客介绍青岛。     

欠发达地区实现文化资源向文化资本转变的问题及对策分析

<正>文化资源是人们在文化生产和文化活动中所利用的,能为其带来收益并能促进文化生产力和文化经济发展的各种资源的总和。文化资本则是以市场为导向在运动中实现价值增殖的文化价值(物),其外延是具有资本增殖属性的一切文化要素。文化资源向文化资本转变的实质是利用文化资本运动和增殖的属性,通过市场     

创新增量 稳定存量 坚定不移实施转型升级——东莞加工贸易转型升级调研及对策建议

本报告在调研东莞加工贸易转型升级的基础上,总结东莞转型升级的经验,指出东莞存在经济发展缺乏统筹、镇区分割特征明显、外贸依存度过高、成本升势将难逆转、新经济增长点未形成等困难,并提出东莞加工贸易转型升级的总体思路应立足于“稳定存量、创新增量”,以局部区域的跨越式发展带动东莞整体经济的转型升级,为广东的“科学发展、从容建设”探索一条新路。