Gender differences in full-time self-employment

This analysis reveals interesting gender differences in full-time self-employment. Women who choose full-time self-employment have personal characteristics that are less highly valued in the marketplace than women who work full-time in wage-and-salary employment. The reverse is true for men. It is unclear whether the gender gap in self-employment income is the result of different supply decisions made by women, or greater constraints and/or discriminatory elements faced by women. There is some suggestion that women may place a higher value on nonwage aspects of self-employment than men do.     

Accounting in Hungary: Do we speak the same language?

Accounting in Hungary has undergone significant reforms in recent years. Modeled after European Accounting rules and International Accounting standards, the Hungarian Rules of Law in Force have brought accounting practices in line with west European standards. This article compares the Hungarian Law of accounting to US accounting standards. Those differences that may affect the decisions of an executive working within the international arena are highlighted. Although minor differences exist, mainly in disclosure requirements, US investors, creditors, and managers may be assured comparable information is available for analyses. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The core and hedonic core: reply to Wooders (2001), with counterexamples

In response to Wooders [Journal of Mathematical Economics 36 (2001) 295], I review the contributions of Engl and Scotchmer regarding the hedonic core and monotonicity [Journal of Mathematical Economics 26 (1996) 209], show how our contributions diverge from those previously in the literature, and highlight the importance of our assumptions by giving counterexamples, particularly to related results of Wooders.     

Explaining the Passage of Living Wage Legislation in the U.S.

Using data from various sources to describe 1,077 U.S. cities, I examine the adoption of living wage legislation between 1995 and 2006. I analyze both the decisions to adopt such legislation and the timing of such decisions. My principal finding is that, while the size and political identity of the community play a significant role, the adoption of living wage legislation is also significantly influenced by local economic circumstances. An important implication is that researchers who seek to measure the economic impacts of the legislation must allow for its endogeneity, in order to separate its economic effect(s) from its economic cause(s).     

Mega-sporting events and children’s rights and interests – towards a better future

Abstract

The public subsidy of Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup hosting opportunities is invariably justified on the basis that they will secure a range of public good outcomes. Problematically, the information available inspires less confidence that these ambitions will be met and highlights how social costs and benefits are unevenly distributed. As a result, interest in the social dimension of hosting has grown, yet the knowledge to support responsive and evidence-based events policy remains relatively underdeveloped, particularly in relation to the specific needs and experiences of affected communities. The impact on children as a particularly stakeholder group reflects this context of recognition and knowledge gap. For example, while it is accepted that immovable deadlines and risk of reputational consequences raise a variety of social justice concerns throughout the event lifecycle, the nature and scale of these impacts on children is poorly understood and frequently mismanaged. Findings drawn from research commissioned by Terre des Hommes International Federation which explored the intersections between children’s rights and social justice concerns highlights how such initiatives present risks and opportunities that cannot be managed effectively until children are included within associated planning processes as a specific stakeholder group with distinct needs and interests.     

Some simple mathematical models for adoption processes: The case of the comprehensive school reform in Norway

This article reviews simple mathematical models which have been or may be used for adoptation processes. Each model's role in the explanation process is analyzed.

The case of the spread of the comprehensive school reform in Norway is used to ilustrate an adoption process. The logistic, or chain-reaction model, and a normal model for independent adoption are emphasized. The fit of the curves for the provinces and the whole country favors the logistic model. Evidence of a “neighborhood effect” at the micro-level also points to a communication process.