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71.
In this paper we analyze two different target regimes, flexible inflation targeting and nominal income targeting, under discretion
in a simple dynamic macro model.
The key results of our paper are: First, for both targeting regimes optimal monetary policy response leads to a shock-dependent
feedback rule. Second, a demand shock is completely offset by both monetary strategies. Third, in case of a supply shock there
is a significant difference between the two different targeting regimes. Under inflation targeting the policy makers face
a trade-off between inflation and output stabilization. This trade-off depends on the weight Φ the policy makers attach to
output stabilization relative to inflation stabilization in the loss function. In contrast, under nominal income targeting
policy makers face a constant trade-off between inflation and real output growth: an increase in inflation leads to a fall
in real output growth by an equal amount.
Furthermore, in Appendix A we analyze a (linear) commitment solution for inflation targeting and compare it with the discretionary
case. Under commitment, inflation is smaller and the output gap is larger than under discretion.
In Appendix B, we investigate inflation targeting in a two-period time-lag version of the model. The qualitative results on
the trade-off between inflation and output growth remain the same as in the basic model without time lag.
Received May 3, 2000; revised version received December 3, 2001 Published online: February 17, 2003 相似文献
72.
Accounting research raises the concern that firms in the health care and defence contracting industries, when facing a dual payment system with both cost-based and fixed-rate payments, have an incentive to reallocate overhead costs through increasing inputs used in cost-based operations. However, prior literature reports contradictory empirical evidence regarding such real activity manipulation. Drawing on the institutional perspective, we hypothesise that firms' market power and interorganisational dependence affect their cost-management strategies and choice of overhead allocation in response to dual payment systems. Analysing the data of California hospitals from 1980 to 1991, we find that when facing a dual payment system, dominant (strong market position) hospitals adopt a cost-revenue-enhancing strategy, increasing direct costs for cost-based services without containing costs in fixed-rate services. In contrast, nondominant hospitals choose a cost-reduction strategy and improve operation efficiency on fixed-rate services. We also find that nondominant hospitals shift more overhead costs away from fixed-rate services to cost-based services by reclassifying the allocation bases across services; combining this cost shifting with the cost-reduction strategy, nondominant hospitals demonstrate the compliance with the regulation expectation of cost containment. 相似文献
73.
This paper develops the regime classification algorithm and applies it within a fully-fledged pairs trading framework on minute-by-minute data of the S&P 500 constituents from 1998 to 2015. Specifically, the highly flexible algorithm automatically determines the number of regimes for any stochastic process and provides a complete set of parameter estimates. We demonstrate its performance in a simulation study—the algorithm achieves promising results for the general class of Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes with regime switches. In our empirical back-testing study, we apply our regime classification algorithm to propose a high-frequency pair selection and trading strategy. The results show statistically and economically significant returns with an annualized Sharpe ratio of 3.92 after transaction costs—results remain stable even in recent years. We compare our strategy with existing quantitative trading frameworks and find its results to be superior in terms of risk and return characteristics. The algorithm takes full advantage of its flexibility and identifies various regime patterns over time that are well-documented in the literature. 相似文献
74.
Paula Sarita Bigio Schnaider Claude Ménard Maria Sylvia Macchione Saes 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2018,39(6):652-663
Strategies pushing firms to adopt plural forms and the heterogeneity of solutions they endorse have attracted increasing attention. This paper proposes a theoretical framework that combines asset specificity and uncertainty to explain why there are plural forms and focuses on the key role of uncertainty, within a given range of asset specificity, to predict what and when specific types of plural forms should be observed. Propositions derived from this model are tested on an extensive set of cases from the agribusiness sector. The empirical richness of these cases allows going beyond the existing literature, which has essentially focused on franchising. 相似文献
75.
Contract teachers and student achievement in rural China: evidence from class fixed effects 下载免费PDF全文
Wang Lei Mengjie Li Siqi Zhang Yonglei Sun Sean Sylvia Enyan Yang Guangrong Ma Linxiu Zhang Di Mo Scott Rozelle 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2018,62(2):299-322
For schooling to play an important role in the development of human capital, the system of education needs to provide quality education, which among other things requires high‐quality teachers. Facing fiscal constraints and growing enrolments, school systems in developing countries often supplement their teaching staff by hiring contract teachers. However, there is limited evidence on how the effectiveness of these teachers compares to that of civil service teachers. We use a dataset from rural primary schools in western China to estimate the causal effect of contract teachers on student achievement and find that gains in student scores on standardised examinations in mathematics and Chinese are less in classes taught by contract teachers than in classes taught by civil service teachers. The results demonstrate that China's education system needs to focus on producing high‐quality teachers to improve the quality of schooling in its rural education system. The findings imply that educators in developing countries should not only seek to hire increasingly more civil service teachers in rural schools, but they should also identify ways of improving the quality of contract teachers. If efforts to improve teaching can succeed, rural students can learn more, earn higher incomes and contribute more to the productivity of the overall economy. 相似文献
76.
77.
Ingrid Wakkee Tom Elfring Sylvia Monaghan 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2010,6(1):1-21
Increasingly companies seek to enhance employee entrepreneurial behaviour. In this study we explore how coaching first reduces
role conflicts associated with acting entrepreneurial and at the same time improving efficiency and reducing failure and secondly
increases the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of employees. Building on previous conceptual and empirical studies on intrapreneurship,
social psychology and human resource management we formulate several hypotheses concerning the relationship between self-efficacy,
coaching and entrepreneurial behaviour of account managers that are tested in the context of a large service organization
operating in the financial sector. In doing so we confirm and extend our insights on entrepreneurial behaviour in existing
companies. 相似文献
78.
This paper develops a pairs trading framework based on a mean-reverting jump–diffusion model and applies it to minute-by-minute data of the S&P 500 oil companies from 1998 to 2015. The established statistical arbitrage strategy enables us to perform intraday and overnight trading. Essentially, we conduct a three-step calibration procedure to the spreads of all pair combinations in a formation period. Top pairs are selected based on their spreads’ mean-reversion speed and jump behaviour. Afterwards, we trade the top pairs in an out-of-sample trading period with individualized entry and exit thresholds. In the back-testing study, the strategy produces statistically and economically significant returns of 60.61% p.a. and an annualized Sharpe ratio of 5.30, after transaction costs. We benchmark our pairs trading strategy against variants based on traditional distance and time-series approaches and find its performance to be superior relating to risk–return characteristics. The mean-reversion speed is a main driver of successful and fast termination of the pairs trading strategy. 相似文献
79.
We exploit more than 20 years of changes in state‐level tipped wage policy and estimate earnings and employment effects of the tipped wage using county‐level panel data on full‐service restaurants (FSR). We extend earlier work by Dube, Lester, and Reich ( 2010 ) and compare outcomes between contiguous counties that straddle a state border. We find a 10‐percent increase in the tipped wage increases earnings in FSRs about 0.4 percent. Employment elasticities are sensitive to the inclusion of controls for unobserved spatial heterogeneity. In our preferred models, we find small, insignificant effects of the tipped wage on FSR employment. 相似文献
80.
Sylvia Frühwirth‐Schnatter Christoph Pamminger Andrea Weber Rudolf Winter‐Ebmer 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2012,27(7):1116-1137
This paper analyzes patterns in the earnings development of young labor market entrants over their life cycle. We identify four distinctly different types of transition patterns between discrete earnings states in a large administrative dataset. Further, we investigate the effects of labor market conditions at the time of entry on the probability of belonging to each transition type. To estimate our statistical model we use a model‐based clustering approach. The statistical challenge in our application comes from the difficulty in extending distance‐based clustering approaches to the problem of identifying groups of similar time series in a panel of discrete‐valued time series. We use Markov chain clustering, which is an approach for clustering discrete‐valued time series obtained by observing a categorical variable with several states. This method is based on finite mixtures of first‐order time‐homogeneous Markov chain models. In order to analyze group membership we present an extension to this approach by formulating a probabilistic model for the latent group indicators within the Bayesian classification rule using a multinomial logit model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献