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We exploit more than 20 years of changes in state‐level tipped wage policy and estimate earnings and employment effects of the tipped wage using county‐level panel data on full‐service restaurants (FSR). We extend earlier work by Dube, Lester, and Reich ( 2010 ) and compare outcomes between contiguous counties that straddle a state border. We find a 10‐percent increase in the tipped wage increases earnings in FSRs about 0.4 percent. Employment elasticities are sensitive to the inclusion of controls for unobserved spatial heterogeneity. In our preferred models, we find small, insignificant effects of the tipped wage on FSR employment. 相似文献
154.
Sylvia Frühwirth‐Schnatter Christoph Pamminger Andrea Weber Rudolf Winter‐Ebmer 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2012,27(7):1116-1137
This paper analyzes patterns in the earnings development of young labor market entrants over their life cycle. We identify four distinctly different types of transition patterns between discrete earnings states in a large administrative dataset. Further, we investigate the effects of labor market conditions at the time of entry on the probability of belonging to each transition type. To estimate our statistical model we use a model‐based clustering approach. The statistical challenge in our application comes from the difficulty in extending distance‐based clustering approaches to the problem of identifying groups of similar time series in a panel of discrete‐valued time series. We use Markov chain clustering, which is an approach for clustering discrete‐valued time series obtained by observing a categorical variable with several states. This method is based on finite mixtures of first‐order time‐homogeneous Markov chain models. In order to analyze group membership we present an extension to this approach by formulating a probabilistic model for the latent group indicators within the Bayesian classification rule using a multinomial logit model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
155.
Laboratory experiments are an important methodology in economics, especially in the field of behavioral economics. However,
it is still debated to what extent results from laboratory experiments are informative about behavior in field settings. One
highly important question about the external validity of experiments is whether the same individuals act in experiments as
they would in the field. This paper presents evidence on how individuals behave in donation experiments and how the same individuals
behave in a naturally occurring decision situation on charitable giving. While we find evidence that pro-social behavior is
more accentuated in the lab, the data show that pro-social behavior in experiments is correlated with behavior in the field.
相似文献
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158.
Sylvia Wolf 《保险科学杂志》2009,98(1):35-46
The recently introduced § 213 VVG is linked to an interesting history and regulates an issues that had been discussed in the insurance industry for some time. In its application § 213 VVG is more particular than regulations by the German data protection act, at least concerning the collection of health data. For the processing and usage of data the regulations of the German data protection act still apply. Time will show whether § 213 VVG will lead to a reconciliation of interests of the insured with those of the insurer. The aforementioned two-week-period for the data survey might be a contribution to achieve this goal. 相似文献
159.
Is there an asymmetric effect of monetary policy over time? A Bayesian analysis using Austrian data. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sylvia Kaufmann 《Empirical Economics》2002,27(2):277-297
The present paper assesses whether monetary policy effects are asymmetric over the business cycle by estimating a univariate
model for GDP including additionally the first difference of the 3-month Austrian interest rate as a measure for monetary
policy. The asymmetry of the effects is captured by allowing for state-dependent parameters where the latent state variable
follows a Markov switching process. The model is estimated within a Bayesian framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation
methods. Model selection and specification tests are performed by means of marginal likelihood. The results document significant
negative effects of monetary policy during periods of below-average growth, while the effect seems insignificant during periods
of normal or above-average growth. These results corroborate those derived in theoretical models assuming price rigidities
and implying a convex supply curve. Additionally, the concern of using appropriate state-identifying restrictions is raised
to obtain an unbiased posterior inference. Finally, the analysis concludes by assessing the robustness of the results with
respect to alternative measures of monetary policy.
First Version Received: December 2000/Final Version Received: May 2001 相似文献
160.
Assuming a risk of innocent conviction and fully rational individuals, the current study addresses the effects of immediate
punishment and probation rules. Strict dominance of a probation rule requires that the judicial system is highly unreliable
and, at the same time, learning over criminal careers is strong. Else, an optimal punishment scheme can always be based on
either regularly offering probation or appropriate immediate punishments.
Received: July 2000 / Accepted: November 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable comments by three anonymous referees and the US co-editor of the journal. 相似文献