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21.
Cybersecurity has become a topic of great interest since 2010. Accounting issues surrounding cybersecurity governance, management, and disclosure have gained attention from accounting standard setters, large accounting firms, and professional associations, but only a limited number of studies have looked at cybersecurity disclosure. In this study, we examine whether the content of cybersecurity disclosures of Canadian firms comprising the S&P/TSX 60 index is aligned with best practices—that is, financial regulators' guidelines in that matter. A content analysis was performed of documents issued between January 2017 and mid‐2018, consisting of recent annual information forms (AIFs), annual and quarterly management's discussion and analysis (MD&As), proxy circulars, material change reports, and news releases. To assess the nature and extent of cybersecurity disclosure, we developed a scoring grid featuring 40 items based on financial regulators' guidelines. Results show that cybersecurity disclosure levels are low. Companies vary widely in the amount of detail they provide, and the information is often not company‐specific. The variations among industrial sectors involve the categories related to cybersecurity risk, cybersecurity risk mitigation, and other items. Most of the companies provided cybersecurity disclosures in the annual MD&A, and several reiterated some disclosure items in the AIF and proxy circular. The results of this study highlight some areas where cybersecurity disclosures have evolved and others where they could be improved. They suggest that some firms strive to avoid boilerplate language and be more company‐specific. The findings also suggest that financial regulators could issue more stringent requirements. 相似文献
22.
Learning about foreign markets often occurs through collaboration with other firms who have this knowledge. In this paper, we focus on one aspect of foreign market knowledge, which is the knowledge a partner in a dyadic relationship, has of the other partner and of their respective business network relationships. The concept ‘absorptive capacity’ [Admin. Sci. Q. 35 (1990) 128] is used to describe the firm’s ability to use its prior related knowledge and diverse background to identify the value of new information and to develop this into something creative. We develop and empirically test a model of how depth and diversity of experience affect absorptive capacity, and how this absorptive capacity affects the way a lack of foreign market knowledge is perceived as an obstacle in carrying out the ongoing business activity.The results show that the lack of foreign market knowledge in the ongoing business is determined both by the firm’s absorptive capacity generated in dyadic relationships with foreign customers and the customer’s network. The dyadic and network absorptive capacities, however, appear to be used differently in the ongoing business. Dyadic absorptive capacity seems to decrease the lack of foreign market knowledge, whereas customer network absorptive capacity seems to increase it. 相似文献
23.
Sylvie Castagne Richard Curran Paul Collopy 《International Journal of Production Economics》2009,117(2):381-388
The work presented investigates a methodology for the implementation of value-driven design (VDD) with application to the optimisation of aircraft fuselage panels. The VDD approach integrates manufacturing and operating costs as optimisation drivers at the design stage. In particular, manufacturer's profit, airlines expenses and revenue, and surplus value relating to competitor products are taken into account in the objective function proposed for the design optimisation. The study shows that using VDD concepts, the manufacturer has the possibility to develop more efficient designs with an increase of both his own profit and the operator's gains. 相似文献
24.
Sylvie Guerrero 《Human Resource Management Journal》2008,18(3):216-236
The purpose of this paper is to examine how employee reaction varies in the event of an acquisition, and ultimately, to show that it depends on the acquisition context; specifically: (1) the legitimacy of the purchasing firm's identity, and (2) the extent of the organizational changes or discontinuity resulting from the acquisition. The research hypotheses considered are tested using a single questionnaire administered repeatedly over a five‐year period to the employees of 85 sites belonging initially to three different firms: ABC (the acquiring firm), EFG (the firm taken over in a friendly acquisition) and XYZ (firm absorbed in a hostile acquisition). The results mainly show that employees working at sites belonging initially to EFG have higher organizational identification scores than those at sites belonging initially to XYZ. Insecurity scores increase at all sites after the acquisition period, even for employees who originally belonged to ABC. Finally, a temporal link is seen between organizational identification, insecurity and job satisfaction. 相似文献
25.
中国企业的工资差异和所有制结构 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
本文采用OaxacaBlinder分解法的扩展形式,分析了1995年中国城市不同所有制企业间工资差异的决定因素。我们发现,国有企业和外商投资企业工资高于城镇集体企业,但中央直属国有企业和外商投资企业的小时工资鲜有差别。此外,我们的研究结果强有力地证明了,中国劳动力市场的分割或者说是多层次、纯所有制差别和工作小时差别是观测到的工资差距的主要决定因素。我们的研究结果还强调了,尽管外商投资企业提供了较高的年总收入,但这是以更长的工作时间为代价的。 相似文献
26.
Min-Hua Jen Hannah Kurth Jerome Dinet Sylvie Gabriel Radek Wasiak 《Journal of medical economics》2014,17(11):803-809
Purpose:This study aimed to explore the burden of illness associated with cervical dystonia (CD), including possible demographic and humanistic correlates of baseline disease severity.Methods:The analysis involved the five multinational randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that had evaluated the efficacy and safety of Dysport® in patients with CD, including assessment using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Patient-level TWSTRS scores from the individual studies were meta-analysed to estimate disease severity at baseline. One of the studies had reported Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey quality-of-life measures, and these data were used to investigate whether the severity of CD was associated with humanistic outcomes, as measured by health utility. A generalized regression model was then applied to explore potential correlation between TWSTRS scores and utilities.Results:The estimated pooled mean baseline severity of CD in clinical trial entrants, as measured by TWSTRS score, was 43.23 (95% CI?=?39.31–47.15). In general, disease severity was significantly greater in patients aged over 40 years (compared to the reference group aged 18–30 years). However, there was no correlation between disease severity and other demographic characteristics (e.g., weight, height, gender). Higher TWSTRS scores correlated with worse health-related quality of life as perceived by patients and was reflected in health utility (R2?=?0.133).Conclusions:This study was able to define TWSTRS scores in patients with CD in terms of associated utility. This approach could help in capturing the disease’s burden through measures that are more tangible than TWSTRS scores to patients, carers, clinicians, and healthcare payers. 相似文献
27.
28.
Conditions under which endogenous processes of jurisdiction formation entail wealth-stratification are examined in a model where unequally wealthy households with identical preferences form jurisdictions in order to produce a public good financed by proportional taxation. We define a stable jurisdiction structure to be a partition of the households into jurisdictions that is immune to individual deviations. We define a jurisdiction structure to be wealth-stratified when each jurisdiction is composed of households who form an interval with respect to the ordering of their wealth. We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the stratification of any stable jurisdiction structure is for the individual preferences for the public and the private good to exhibit a relation of gross substitutability/complementarity between the public good and the private good that is independent from prices and wealth. 相似文献
29.
Laurent Baudry Herv Le Bihan Patrick Sevestre Sylvie Tarrieu 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2007,69(2):139-183
Based on the analysis of 13 million price records underlying the computation of the French consumer price index, we provide a detailed assessment of consumer price rigidity. Our main results are as follows. The average duration of prices is around 8 months. Price durations and the patterns of price‐setting strongly differ across sectors. Price cuts are almost as frequent as increases, suggesting no specific downward nominal rigidity. Price changes typically have large absolute sizes. Time variation in the frequency of price changes and in their size both contribute to inflation fluctuations. Overall there is evidence of both time‐ and state‐dependent price‐setting. 相似文献
30.