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181.
Exposure to foreign media and changes in cultural traits: Evidence from naming patterns in France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Free trade in audio-visual services has faced opposition on the grounds that foreign media undermine domestic culture, and ultimately, global diversity. Using a long panel of French birth registries, we assess the media–culture link using name frequencies as a measure of tastes. Controlling for the number of people who currently have a name and unobserved name effects, our regressions show that media influences choices via selective imitation. Parents are much more likely to adopt media names that they associate with youth. Using estimated parameters, we simulate our model of name choice to reveal that, absent foreign media, fewer than 5% of French babies would have been named differently. Our simulations also suggest a positive effect of foreign media on the welfare of parents. 相似文献
182.
This paper analyses the link between the internal organization of the firm and the growth process. We present a Schumpeterian growth model in which monopoly firms face agency costs due to collusion between managers inside the organization. These costs affect incentives to invest and the rate of innovation in the economy. When collusion is self-enforcing, higher growth and more creative destruction shortens in turn the time horizon of colluding agents in the organization and makes internal collusion more difficult to sustain. We analyse this two-way mechanism between growth and agency problems and show how the transaction costs of side-contracting within the firm and the growth rate of the economy are simultaneously derived. 相似文献
183.
Thierry Bourgoignie 《Journal of Consumer Policy》1992,14(3):293-315
This paper analyzes elements included in the formulation of a theory of consumer law, which while derived from several different initiatives, remains an autonomous legal discipline. In constructing the model the author establishes an alternative way of viewing the consumer. This subjective approach focuses directly on the consumer and his role in the production — distribution — trade — consumption cycle. The individual consumer must be viewed as a member of a larger group. Consumers have collective interests, distinct from general public interests, which must be recognized. The author uses this model to examine policies aimed at promoting consumer interests on the Belgian economic scene and at the European Community level. The author places increased emphasis on the social aspects of consumer law and supports combining an adaptive approach with a more participative legal strategy.
Thierry Bourgoignie is a Professor of Law at the Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculté de Droit, Place Montesquieu 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 相似文献
Besonderheiten des Verbraucherrechts
Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag analysiert die Elemente einer Theorie des Verbraucherrechts. Dabei wird Verbraucherrecht bei aller Vielgestaltigkeit und Pluralität als eigenständige rechtliche Disziplin betrachtet. Bei der Entwicklung seines Modells folgt der Autor einer neuartigen Sichtweise des Konsumenten. Dieser subjektive Ansatz konzentriert sich unmittelbar auf den Konsumenten und seine Rolle in dem Kreislauf, der durch Produktion, Distribution, Handel und Verbrauch gebildet wird. Der einzelne Konsument muß als Mitglied einer größeren Gruppe gesehen werden. Konsumenten haben kollektive Interessen, die nicht mit allgemeinen öffentlichen Interessenlagen übereinstimmen; diese Besonderheiten kollektiver Verbraucherinteressen müssen beachtet werden. Der Autor benutzt sein Modell zur Prüfung von politischen Strategien zur Förderung des Verbraucherinteresses im ökonomischen Bereich sowohl auf nationaler Ebene in Belgien als auch auf der Ebene der Europäischen Gemeinschaft. Er betont besonders den sozialen Aspekt des Verbraucherrechts und plädiert für eine Verbindung eines adaptiven Ansatzes mit einer partizipativen Strategie.
Thierry Bourgoignie is a Professor of Law at the Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculté de Droit, Place Montesquieu 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 相似文献
184.
In this paper, we propose a heteroskedastic model in discrete time which converges, when the sampling interval goes to zero, towards the complete model with stochastic volatility in continuous time described in Hobson and Rogers (1998). Then, we study its stationarity and moment properties. In particular, we exhibit a specific model which shares many properties with the GARCH(1,1) model, establishing a clear link between the two approaches. We also prove the consistency of the pseudo conditional likelihood maximum estimates for this specific model.Received: December 2002Mathematics Subject Classification:
90A09, 60J60, 62M05JEL Classification:
C32This work was supported in part by Dynstoch European network. Thanks to David Hobson for introducing me to these models, and to Valentine Genon-Catalot for numerous and very fruitful discussion on this work. The author is also grateful to Uwe Kuchler for various helpful suggestions, and to two referees and an associate editor for their comments and suggestions. 相似文献
185.
This paper presents an evolutionary interpretation of Barro-Gordons monetary policy game. The model describes a multi-country setup where governments and private agents are boundedly rational players. The behavioral rule of players decisions leads to the imitation of the strategy giving the highest payoff. In this evolutionary monetary policy game, we show how a low inflation state is reached from an international context dominated by inflationary policies. The analysis explains the convergence towards low inflation rates observed during the past twenty years. Moreover, the low inflation state appears to be the long-run equilibrium of the game under some conditions featuring the observed macroeconomic context.JEL Classification:
E5, C72, C73
Correspondence to: A. dArtigues 相似文献
186.
Dual Financial Systems and Inequalities in Economic Development 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Thierry Tressel 《Journal of Economic Growth》2003,8(2):223-257
This paper analyzes the emergence and the evolution of a modern banking system, in a developing economy where banks coexist with informal credit institutions. Banks have a superior ability in mobilizing savings while informal lenders enjoy a superior information on borrowers. More specifically, banks cannot observe perfectly the behavior of borrowers; therefore the latter need to provide collateral assets in order to obtain bank loans. Physical collateral is not needed to borrow in the informal credit market: informal lenders can rely on social networks to obtain information on borrowers' behavior and invoke social sanctions to enforce repayment. The sustained growth path is associated with the successful development of the banking system that gathers savings on a large scale. However, informal lenders and other traditional credit institutions are necessary in the first stage of development when collateral is scarce. In this economy, the development of modern financial intermediaries is closely associated with the accumulation of collateral assets by entrepreneurs. This implies that the initial level of development as well as the initial distribution of wealth will determine the joint evolution of the real side of the economy and the financial system. Under certain conditions, two long-run steady-state equilibria exist: in the first one the economy stops growing and the banking system never successfully develops; in the second one the economy reaches a sustained growth rate and the informal sector asymptotically vanishes. The impact of the following policies is discussed: financial repression, micro-credit institutions and redistribution of assets. 相似文献
187.
This study establishes necessary conditions for Almost Stochastic Dominance criteria of various orders. These conditions take the form of restrictions on algebraic combinations of moments of the probability distributions in question. The relevant set of conditions depends on the relevant order of ASD but not on the critical value for the admissible violation area. These conditions can help to reduce the information requirement and computational burden in practical applications. A numerical example and an empirical application to historical stock market data illustrate the moment conditions. The first four moment conditions in particular seem appealing for many applications. 相似文献
188.
Olivia Petit Thierry Lorey Frédéric Dosquet 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2023,47(5):1758-1771
Supporters are consuming more and more sporting events through digital platforms. Brands should adapt to these new consumption patterns in order to strengthen their connection with their customers. Today, researchers and practitioners can create more interactive and enjoyable experiences through virtual reality (VR) applications. Through two studies conducted on VR during sporting events, we show that mentally representing the touch experiences of players on the field reduces the psychological distance between the supporter and the player, which strengthens the supporter's attachment to the team and, through the same attachment, to the sponsor (Study 1). We also highlight that these positive effects of VR compared to real touch (using a player's jersey) is linked to the improvement of immersion, which stimulates touch imagery (Study 2). We discuss the implications of this research for theory and practice in the sports business and other sectors. 相似文献
189.
Boker Poumie Edmond Noubissi Domguia Borice Augustin Ngounou Thierry Messie Pondie Joseph Nzomo Tcheuta 《Revue africaine de developpement》2023,35(1):65-78
The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of the informal economy on bilateral exports in sub-Saharan African countries. We use a gravity model, to which we add indicators of the informal economy and indicator variables for different economic regions. The study used Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and Heckman estimation techniques on data from the period 2002–2018. The results show that the informal economy has a negative impact on bilateral inter-community exports and a positive impact on bilateral intra-community exports. These results thus support the idea that the informal economy can accelerate the integration of regional economic communities and ultimately facilitate the establishment of bilateral export free trade areas at the continental level. 相似文献