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921.
Property rights and information flows: a simulation approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With the growth of the information economy, the proportion of knowledge-intensive goods to total goods is constantly increasing.
Lessig (The future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world. Vintage, New York 2001) has argued that IPRs have now become too favourable to existing producers and that their ‘winner-take-all’ characteristics
are constraining the creators of tomorrow. In this paper we look at how variations in IPRs regimes might affect the creation
and social cost of new knowledge in economic systems. Drawing on a conceptual framework, the Information Space or I-Space to explore how the uncontrollable diffusibility of knowledge relates to its degree of structure, we deploy an agent-based
modelling approach to explore the issue of IPRs. We take the ability to control the diffusibility of knowledge as a proxy
measure for an ability to establish property rights in such knowledge. Second, we take the rate of obsolescence of knowledge
as a proxy measure for the degree of turbulence induced by different regimes of technical change. Then we simulate the quantity
and cost to society of new knowledge under different property right regimes.
相似文献
Kyeong Seok HanEmail: |
922.
We show that every N-player K
1 × ... × K
N
game possesses a correlated equilibrium with at least
zero entries. In particular, the largest N-player K × ... × K games with unique fully supported correlated equilibrium are two-player games.
We thank an anonymous referee for most useful comments. The first author acknowledges financial support from Spanish Ministry
of Science and Technology, grant SEJ2004-03619, and in form of a Ramón y Cajal fellowship. The second author acknowledges
support by the PASCAL Network of Excellence under EC grant no.506778, as well as from Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology
and FEDER, grant BMF2003-03324. Both authors also acknowledge financial support from BBVA grant “Aprender a jugar.” 相似文献
923.
Godfrey Keller 《Economic Theory》2007,33(2):263-269
In models of learning by experimentation that exhibit signal dependence, a benchmark using a passive learner has been proposed. The use of this benchmark is flawed – first, passive learning does not disentangle the effects of knowing that beliefs, as well as other state variables, might change, and we address this issue directly by introducing a naïve learner. Secondly, and more tellingly, passive learning does not do what it is supposed to do, namely help measure the gains from active experimentation; the naïve learner enables us to illustrate this point in the context of a particular example. 相似文献
924.
Aaron Hatcher 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,38(1):89-98
This paper compares a firm’s short run optimal production and abatement rules under emission level standards and standards
expressed in terms of emissions per unit of output (ratio standards). The models allow for non-compliance with standards,
with expected penalties dependant on either level or relative violations of the standard in question. It is shown that ratio
arguments make a difference to the optimal decision rules derived for a profit-maximising firm. For example, for a given level
of emissions the firm both produces more, and abates more, under a ratio standard, so that ratio and level standards cannot
be used interchangeably to achieve the same combination of emissions and output. The implications for the efficiency of pollution
control are briefly discussed.
相似文献
Aaron HatcherEmail: |
925.
In most OECD countries, the wage gap between men and women has narrowed during the past two decades. Developments of the last
20 years, e.g., increased labour market attachment of women or the introduction of equal pay laws, may have reduced the gender
wage gap. We investigate the extent, persistence, and socio-economic determinants of the gender wage gap in Austria, for the
years 1983 and 1997. Using wage decomposition techniques, we find that the average gender wage gap was almost as high in 1997
as it was in 1983. Not accounting for differences, the gender wage gap dropped from 25.5 to 23.3% of men’s wages. Taking observable
differences between men and women into account, we estimate that the mean gender wage gap that cannot be explained, i.e.,
discrimination against women, dropped from 17 to 14% of men’s wages. A decomposition of the gender wage gap over time indicates
that both returns to human capital and less discrimination were responsible for the narrowing of the gender wage gap.
相似文献
Christine ZulehnerEmail: |
926.
Philipp Engler Terhi Jokipii Christian Merkl Pablo Rovira Kaltwasser Lúcio Vinhas de Souza 《Empirica》2007,34(5):411-425
This paper analyzes the role of banks’ regulatory capitalization in the transmission of monetary policy. We use a confidential
dataset for Austrian banks spanning from the first quarter of 1997 to the fourth quarter of 2003. We find evidence that Austrian
banks react in an asymmetric way to monetary policy depending on their regulatory excess capitalization, i.e. low capitalized
banks react more restrictively to a monetary tightening than their highly capitalized peers.
相似文献
Lúcio Vinhas de SouzaEmail: |
927.
Stefan Mann 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(1):29-42
Social scientists are reluctant to make explicit interpersonal comparisons of well-being. However, implicit comparisons are
made on a surprisingly regular basis. These comparisons are based on the wealth and the Kaldor–Hicks concept in utility theory
and on self-reported well-being in happiness research. Taking a utilitarian stance, this paper tests the ethical foundations
of both principles. While self-reported well-being serves as an acceptable proxy for utilitarian decision-making, the Kaldor–Hicks
concept does not appear so. Implications for evaluating policies are outlined.
相似文献
Stefan MannEmail: |
928.
Thiess Buettner 《Empirica》2007,34(4):287-297
This paper provides empirical evidence on regional labor market flexibility in Europe and, in particular, in the EU-accession
countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Whereas substantial regional disparities in unemployment are found for pre-accession
EU member countries as well as for accession countries, an empirical analysis taking account of spatial effects shows that
regional wage flexibility is significantly higher for accession countries. Moreover, unemployment disparities are found to
be less persistent in the accession countries.
相似文献
Thiess BuettnerEmail: |
929.
This paper updates and extends the time-series evidence on the convergence of international incomes using a set of 29 countries
over the period 1900–2001. Time-series tests for stochastic convergence are supplemented with tests which provide evidence
on the notion of “β-convergence” predicted by the Solow model. The evidence indicates that the relative income series of 21
countries are consistent with stochastic convergence, and that β-convergence has occurred in at least 16 countries at some
point during the twentieth century. Further examination of the properties of the β-convergence test provides anecdotal evidence
of conditional convergence in three additional countries for which the convergence hypothesis was initially rejected. Consideration
of convergence clubs strengthens the evidence in favor of convergence. Analysis of the cross-country dispersion of incomes
over time also suggests that convergence has occurred over the 1900–2001 period, particularly within certain clubs, with structural
breaks associated with World War II in many countries causing a break in the convergence process.
相似文献
930.
Steve Fleetwood 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2007,20(4):247-267
Theory and policy relating to labor markets is dominated by the mainstream labor market model, although a less well-known,
socioeconomic version can also be identified. The mainstream model is methodologically flawed and forced, thereby, to relegate
any (serious) investigation of labor market institutions and/or social structures to the margins of its analysis. The socioeconomic
account is not so much methodologically flawed, as methodologically ambivalent. While this ambivalence does not actually prevent
the investigation of institutions and/or social structures, it does promote ambiguity whenever we inquire into the precise nature of the interaction between them and labor markets. Insights from Austrian economics, when used in collaboration with critical
realist methodology, can play a part in augmenting the socioeconomic account, generating a totally new approach to the analysis
of labor markets.
相似文献
Steve FleetwoodEmail: |