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11.
Political risk represents an important hidden transaction cost that reduces international trade. This paper investigates the claim that public export credit guarantees mitigate this friction to trade flows and hence promote exports. We employ an empirical trade gravity model, where we explicitly control for political risk in the importing country in order to evaluate the effect of export guarantees. Using a novel data set on guarantees, we estimate the effect of guarantees in a static and dynamic panel model. We find a statistically and economically significant positive effect of public export guarantees on exports which indicates that export promotion is indeed effective. Furthermore, political risk turns out to be an important obstacle for exports and hence should be taken into account in any empirical model of trade. 相似文献
12.
Using a firm-level survey database covering 48 countries, we investigate how financial and institutional development affects financing of large and small firms. Our database is not limited to large firms but includes small and medium-size firms and data on a broad spectrum of financing sources, including leasing, supplier, development, and informal finance. Small firms and firms in countries with poor institutions use less external finance, especially bank finance. Protection of property rights increases external financing of small firms significantly more than of large firms, mainly due to its effect on bank finance. Small firms do not use disproportionately more leasing or trade finance compared with larger firms, so these financing sources do not compensate for lower access to bank financing of small firms. We also find that larger firms more easily expand external financing when they are constrained than small firms. Finally, we find suggestive evidence that the pecking order holds across countries. 相似文献
13.
Stefanie Kleimeier Thorsten Lehnert Willem F. C. Verschoor 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2008,70(4):493-508
This paper presents a new empirical approach to address the problem of trading time differences between markets in studies of financial contagion. In contrast to end‐of‐business‐day data common to most contagion studies, we employ price observations, which are exactly aligned in time to correct for time‐zone and end‐of‐business‐day differences between markets. Additionally, we allow for time lags between price observations in order to test the assumption that the shock is not immediately transmitted from one market to the other. Our analysis of the financial turmoil surrounding the Asian crisis reveals that such corrections have an important bearing on the evidence for contagion, independent of the methodology employed. Using a correlation‐based test, we find more contagion the faster we assume the shock to be transmitted. 相似文献
14.
Can economic bonus programs jeopardize service relationships? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research findings on the impact of economic bonus programs on service relationships are contradictory. While some studies
find positive effects of economic bonus programs on customer’s relational behavior, other studies demonstrate negative effects.
Building on self-determination theory, Dholakia (J Market Res 43(2):109–120, 2006) points at a possible explanation for these conflicting results, arguing that economic marketing programs have negative effects
on self-determined customers when the program is perceived as controlling by them. By testing the effect of four different
kinds of economic bonus programs on loyalty in an experimental setting using a nationwide representative sample of 768 participants,
this research is the first that provides empirical evidence that economic bonus programs can indeed endanger service relationships
by reducing customer’s self-determination. Implications of our findings for the abundance of economic bonus programs offered
to service customers these days are highlighted. 相似文献
15.
We examine the relative roles of marketing actions and product quality in determining commercial success. Using the motion
picture context, in which product quality is difficult for consumers to anticipate and information on product success is available
for different points in time, we model the effects of studio actions and movie quality on a movie’s sales during different
phases of its theatrical run. For a sample of 331 recent motion pictures, structural equation modeling demonstrates that studio
actions primarily influence early box office results, whereas movie quality influences both short- and long-term theatrical
outcomes. The core results are robust across moderating conditions. We identify two data segments with follow-up latent class
regressions and explore the degree of studio actions needed to “save” movies of varying quality. We finally offer some implications
for research and management. 相似文献
16.
17.
Peering points between different Internet service providers (ISPs) are among the bottlenecks of the Internet. Multihoming (MH) and content delivery networks (CDNs) are two technical solutions to bypass peering points and to improve the quality of data delivery. So far, however, there is no research that analyzes the economic effects of MH and CDNs on the market for Internet connectivity. This paper develops a static market model with locked-in end users and paid content. It shows that MH and CDNs create the possibility for terminating ISPs to engage in monopolistic pricing towards content providers, leading to a shift of rents from end users and content providers to ISPs. Implications for future innovations are discussed. 相似文献
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19.
This article explores the role of metaphor in product development processes and market making. Based on a sociocognitive perspective of innovation dynamics and required learning by market actors, the potential of metaphors for mental model development during new product development (NPD) processes is investigated. Three roles for metaphors as cognitive focusing devices for the co-evolution of producers' and consumers' mental models are inferred: mental model communication, mental model matching, and mental model creation. These roles are illustrated by examples that reinforce the need for creativity in applying metaphors as cognitive focusing devices in NPD and market making. 相似文献
20.