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31.
Summary This review article of Robert H. Frank'sPassions within Reason introduces emotional behavior into the economist's world and discusses the complex interdependence between honesty, rational behavior and information. Honesty and rationality are shown to be very similar as motivations of behavior and mutually reinforcing when character information is available; and honesty appears as a substitute condition of market efficiency when perfect and symmetrical market information, that crucial and oft-stressed but unrealistic necessary condition of efficiency, is lacking. Many of the arguments are not new; but they are brought together and presented here in simple, nontechnical language.  相似文献   
32.
Product differentiation and duration of US import trade   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
We examine the extent to which product differentiation affects duration of US import trade relationships. The results are consistent with a matching model of trade formation. Using highly disaggregated product level data we estimate the hazard rate is at least 23% higher for homogeneous goods than for differentiated products. The results are not only highly robust but are often strengthened under alternative specifications. As the smallest relationships are dropped, differences across product types increase. Controlling for potential measurement errors also results in larger differences across product types.  相似文献   
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ASYMMETRIES IN ECONOMICS*   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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Ins, outs, and the duration of trade   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
Abstract.  We employ survival analysis to study the duration of U.S. imports. Our findings indicate international trade is far more dynamic than previously thought. The median duration of exporting a product to the U.S. is very short, on the order of two to four years. There is negative duration dependence. If a country is able to survive in the exporting market for the first few years it will face a very small probability of failure and will likely export the product for a long period of time. The results hold across countries and industries and are robust to aggregation. JEL classification: F14, F19, C14, C41  相似文献   
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We study a principal–agent model. The parties are symmetrically informed at first; the principal then designs the process by which the agent learns his type and, concurrently, the screening mechanism. Because the agent can opt out of the mechanism ex post, it must leave him with nonnegative rents ex post. We characterize the profit‐maximizing mechanism. In that optimal mechanism, learning proceeds in continuous time and, at each moment, the agent learns a lower bound on his type. For each type, there is one of two possible outcomes: the type is allocated the efficient quantity or is left with zero rents ex post.  相似文献   
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Tibor Scitovsky 《De Economist》1973,121(3):225-250
Summary The author criticizes economists for their uncritical acceptance of consumers’ revealed preference and tries to explain the preferences manifest in the United States by tracing them to cultural influences, especially the Puritan Ethic, and to economic factors, such as producers’ domination and economies of scale. Differences between American and European behavior patterns are sought mainly in comparative time budgets and Hawtrey’s distinction between defensive and creative consumption is revived as a framework suitable for such analysis. These notes constitute an early version of what has since become a much more ambitious work with a more analytical approach, trying to use behavioral psychology to fill in gaps in the economist’s understanding of consumer behavior, and to be published as a book.  相似文献   
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Abstract.  We report the results of an experiment on a continuous version of the minimum effort coordination game. The introduction of within-team competition significantly increases effort levels relative to a baseline with no competition and increases coordination relative to a secure treatment where the pay-off-dominant equilibrium strategy weakly dominates all other actions. Nonetheless, within-team competition does not prevent subjects from polarizing both in the efficient and the inefficient equilibria.  相似文献   
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