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171.
Claus-Jochen Haake Tim Krieger Steffen Minter 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2013,10(4):583-612
Illegal immigration affects not only EU member states adjacent, but also those distant from the Mediterranean Sea due to open internal borders and intra-EU onward migration. Member states without a direct influx of illegal immigrants may therefore free-ride on border countries’ enforcement efforts, leading to a sub-optimal level of border control when immigration policy remains uncoordinated. By applying a numerical example, we show that an expected externality mechanism leads to voluntary preference revelation with respect to immigration policy under several (but not all) scenarios, thereby avoiding strategic behavior in the regular negotiation process. This policy measure requires, however, the EU Commission to take on a very active role as moderator between member states (rather than as legislator). 相似文献
172.
173.
Literaturhinweise
Inbound Marketing Literaturhinweise zusammengestellt von Alexander Schagen, MBA 相似文献174.
The carbon footprint of UK households 1990-2004: A socio-economically disaggregated, quasi-multi-regional input-output model 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
This paper presents a socio-economically disaggregated framework for attributing CO2 emissions to people's high level functional needs. Based around a quasi-multi-regional input-output (QMRIO) model, the study, in theory, takes into account all CO2 emissions that arise from energy used in production of goods and services to satisfy UK household demand, whether the emissions occur in the UK or abroad. Results show that CO2 emissions attributable to households were 15% above 1990 levels in 2004, and that although absolute decoupling occurred between household expenditure and CO2 during the UK's switch from coal to gas in the early 1990s, since then only slight relative decoupling is evident. The proportion of CO2 that arises outside UK borders in support of UK consumption is rising, and reducing these emissions is particularly problematic in a global trading system. Investigation into the carbon footprint of different segments of the UK population shows wide variation: the segment with the highest carbon footprint emits 64% more CO2 than the segment with the lowest. Results show that recreation and leisure are responsible for over one quarter of CO2 emissions in a typical UK household in 2004. We conclude that expanding lifestyle aspirations are significant factors in driving household CO2 emissions, but the study also emphasizes that attention must be paid to the infrastructures and institutions that result in considerable amounts of CO2 being locked up in basic household activities through which people meet their everyday needs for subsistence, protection, and communication with family and friends. The findings highlight the sheer scale of the challenge facing UK policy-makers, and suggest that policies should be targeted towards segments of society responsible for the highest carbon footprints. 相似文献
175.
Mit der Rentenreform 2001 wurde das Ziel der Lebensstandardsicherung der bundesdeutschen gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung (GRV)
aufgegeben. Stattdessen sollte die Sicherung des Lebensstandards im Alter auf „drei S?ulen“ ruhen. Im Lichte dieses grundlegend
ver?nderten Sicherungsziels muss die Frage der Rentenanpassungssystematik neu diskutiert werden. Eine Rentenanpassung ohne
Sicherungsziel ist — das zeigen die vergangenen zehn Jahre — letztlich diskretion?r und intransparent. In dem vorliegenden
Beitrag wird daher für eine vereinfachte Anpassungsformel mit integriertem Sicherungsziel pl?diert. 相似文献
176.
We create a database of company codes of ethics from firms listed on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and, separately, a sample of small firms. The SEC believes that “ethics codes do, and should, vary from company to company.” Using textual analysis techniques, we measure the extent of commonality across the documents. We find substantial levels of common sentences used by the firms, including a few cases where the codes of ethics are essentially identical. We consider these results in the context of legal statements versus value statements. While legal writing often mandates duplication, we argue that value-based statements should be held to a higher standard of originality. Our evidence is consistent with isomorphic pressures on smaller firms to conform. 相似文献
177.
Many business practices focus on maximizing material affluence, or wealth, despite the fact that a growing empirical literature
casts doubt on whether money can buy happiness. We therefore propose that businesses consider the possibility of “time affluence”
as an alternative model for improving employee well-being and ethical business practice. Across four studies, results consistently
showed that, even after controlling for material affluence, the experience of time affluence was positively related to subjective
well-being. Studies 3 and 4 further demonstrated that the experience of mindfulness and the satisfaction of psychological
needs partially mediated the positive associations between time affluence and well-being. Future research directions and implications
for ethical business practices are discussed. 相似文献
178.
Softlifting: Exploring Determinants of Attitude 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tim Goles Bandula Jayatilaka Beena George Linda Parsons Valrie Chambers David Taylor Rebecca Brune 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(4):481-499
Softlifting, or the illegal duplication of copyrighted software by individuals for personal use, is a serious and costly problem
for software developers and distributors. Understanding the factors that determine attitude toward softlifting is important
in order to ascertain what motivates individuals to engage in the behavior. We examine a number of factors, including personal
moral obligation (PMO), perceived usefulness, and awareness of the laws and regulations governing software acquisition and
use, along with facets of personal self-identity that may play a role in the development of attitudes and therefore intentions
regarding this behavior. These factors are examined across multiple settings expected to be pertinent to our survey respondents:
home, work and school. Personal moral obligation and perceived usefulness are significant predictors of attitude across all
settings. Past behavior is a significant predictor of intention across all settings, and a significant predictor of attitude
in the home setting. We find evidence that awareness of the law causes a less favorable evaluation of softlifting in the school
setting only, but has little effect in the home and work settings. As in previous studies, attitude is a significant predictor
of intent. We do not find indications that one’s personal self-identity influences one’s attitude towards the behavior and
the intention to perform it, except in the case of legal identity, where marginally significant effects are found in the work
environment.
Dr. Tim Goles is an assistant Professor in the Information Systems Department of the University of Texas-San Antonio. He has
numerous publications, most of which pertain to information systems.
Dr. Bandula Jayatilaka is an Assistant Professor in the School of Mangement in Binghamton University-SUNY. Most of his publications
pertain to information systems.
Dr. Beena George is an Assistant Professor at the Cameron School of Business, University of St. Thomas, Houston, Most of her
pblications pertain to information systems.
Dr. Linda Parsons is an Assistant Professor in the Accounting Department at George Mason University. Most of her publications
pertain to accounting information systems and nonprofit organizations.
Dr. David S. Taylor is an Assitant Professor at Sam Houston State University. Most of his publications pertain to information
systems.
Rebecca Brune has a strong accounting background; her work is predominantly in the information systems field. 相似文献
179.
180.
Transatlantic Similarities and Contrasts in Rural Development Policies
The United States (US) and European Union (EU) share many general policy aims for rural areas, but they differ in the ways in which they try to achieve these aims. The principal difference lies in the role envisioned by agriculture in overall rural development. EU policies treat agriculture as a provider of public goods, and many of its 'rural' programmes target agriculture. In the US, very few Federal rural development programs are focused solely on agriculture. Differences of approach may be linked to different farm distributions, population densities, historical settlement patterns, and the historical policy process per se . In particular, in the US rural development policy does not cover the environment or income support to farmers; these are addressed through other programmes. In contrast, the EU classifies its agri-environmental programmes as rural development, claiming that more environmentally-friendly farm practices bring benefits to the broader rural economy. US State and local initiatives emphasize many themes found in the EU's Pillar II programmes, such as value-added or sustainable agriculture. Overall, although there are marked differences in the ways in which policies are implemented, the coverage of these policies in the EU and US is rather similar. 相似文献
The United States (US) and European Union (EU) share many general policy aims for rural areas, but they differ in the ways in which they try to achieve these aims. The principal difference lies in the role envisioned by agriculture in overall rural development. EU policies treat agriculture as a provider of public goods, and many of its 'rural' programmes target agriculture. In the US, very few Federal rural development programs are focused solely on agriculture. Differences of approach may be linked to different farm distributions, population densities, historical settlement patterns, and the historical policy process per se . In particular, in the US rural development policy does not cover the environment or income support to farmers; these are addressed through other programmes. In contrast, the EU classifies its agri-environmental programmes as rural development, claiming that more environmentally-friendly farm practices bring benefits to the broader rural economy. US State and local initiatives emphasize many themes found in the EU's Pillar II programmes, such as value-added or sustainable agriculture. Overall, although there are marked differences in the ways in which policies are implemented, the coverage of these policies in the EU and US is rather similar. 相似文献