全文获取类型
收费全文 | 721篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 98篇 |
工业经济 | 41篇 |
计划管理 | 137篇 |
经济学 | 194篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
运输经济 | 3篇 |
旅游经济 | 2篇 |
贸易经济 | 177篇 |
农业经济 | 11篇 |
经济概况 | 51篇 |
邮电经济 | 34篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 47篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 51篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 41篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有751条查询结果,搜索用时 268 毫秒
91.
Increasingly, public sector organizations (PSOs) outsource the delivering of important welfare services. This gives rise to important questions of how PSOs can control their suppliers. The purpose of this paper is to show how PSOs manage cooperation hazards of low contractibility transactions, i.e., activities expected to be difficult to govern. The paper applies a taxonomic configuration approach which means we apply a holistic view on the governance of suppliers and search for internally congruent governance packages that also are adapted to the context of the transactions. We find indications of the importance of internal congruence in governance packages in order to effectively deal with cooperation hazards. We also notice that the intensity in and types of controls in inter-organizational relationships are affected by the amount of cooperation hazards. A conflict between a relational and a bureaucracy-based governance package in one of the configurations is argued to be the main driver behind lower expectations about positive behaviour from suppliers. 相似文献
92.
This paper explores the role of trade integration—or openness—for monetary policy transmission in a medium-scale new Keynesian model. Allowing for strategic complementarities in price setting, we highlight a new dimension of the exchange rate channel by which monetary policy directly impacts domestic inflation: a monetary contraction which appreciates the exchange rate lowers the local currency price of imported goods; this, in turn, induces domestic producers to lower their prices too. We pin down key parameters of the model by matching impulse responses obtained from a vector autoregression on time series for the US relative to the euro area. Our estimation procedure yields plausible parameter values and suggests a strong role for strategic complementarities. Counterfactual simulations show that openness alters monetary transmission significantly. While the contractionary effect of a monetary policy shock on inflation and output tends to increase in openness, we find that monetary policy's control over inflation increases, as the output decline which is necessary to bring about a given reduction of inflation is smaller in more open economies. 相似文献
93.
Wladimir Raymond Pierre Mohnen Franz Palm Sybrand Schim van der Loeff 《De Economist》2006,154(1):85-105
Summary The paper studies the degree of homogeneity of innovative behavior in order to determine empirically an industry classification
of Dutch manufacturing that can be used for policy purposes. Defining homogeneity in terms of an economic model distinguishes
our classification from existing taxonomies such as those of the OECD, Pavitt and the various classifications based on a principal
components analysis. We use a two-limit tobit model with sample selection, which explains the decisions by business enterprises
to innovate and the impact these decisions have on the share of innovative sales. The model is estimated for eleven industries
based on the Dutch Standard Industrial Classification (SBI 1993). A likelihood ratio (LR) test is then performed to test for
equality of the parameters across industries. We find that Dutch manufacturing consists of three groups of industries in terms
of innovative behavior, a high-tech group, a low-tech group and the industry of wood. The same pattern shows up in the three
Dutch Community Innovation Surveys.
The empirical part of this study has been carried out at the Centre for Research of Economic Microdata at Statistics Netherlands.
The authors wish to thank Statistics Netherlands, and in particular Bert Diederen, for helping us in accessing and using the
Micronoom data set. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors. The authors also wish to thank Fran?ois
Laisney, Patrick Waelbroek and participants at presentations in Maastricht, Strasbourg, Leuven and Lille for their helpful
comments. The first author acknowledges financial support from METEOR. 相似文献
94.
Theo J.B.M. Postma Author Vitae Franz Liebl Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2005,72(2):161-173
Scenarios are claimed to support strategic decision makers. They are especially effective in dealing with uncertainties. This paper addresses some drawbacks of the conventional scenario method, which is especially directed at handling these uncertainties, and indicates possible avenues for methodological adaptations. We take the approach, which rests in the Shell tradition, as exemplary for our discussion on the mainstream scenario methodology. This approach has some limitations when it comes to dealing with simultaneous trends and countertrends, and trends or clusters of trends that are not thought of beforehand, especially the methodological requirements of causality and consistency, which might be limiting factors in this respect. This paper indicates alternative ways for scenario construction. It discusses the use of either recombinant scenarios, context scenarios, or inconsistent scenarios and/or combinations of these scenarios. These options explicitly incorporate the notion of ‘paradoxical trend’ as the codriver of future developments into the methodology. 相似文献
95.
96.
Franz Gehrels 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2005,33(2):151-157
Fluctuations in domestic product and balance of payments are treated as Markov processes in discrete time instead of as deterministic paths. Emphasis is on the case when movements are in probability away from steady-state paths until they reach some barrier. The initiating disturbances are random events, and the task of policymakers is to respond with countervailing measures. These occur with time lags and produce stochastic processes of their own. The outcome is a probabilistic path which never quite matches the desired steady-state path. The first, one-dimensional case is that of the domestic product and the government budget. Next, the paper deals with the two-dimensional case of domestic product and balance of trade, with budget and exchange rate as instruments. Finally, it treats domestic product, trade balance, and capital account—using the budget, the exchange rate, and the monetary measures—as corrective devices. 相似文献
97.
In this article we extend previous BMOM results by showing how information about a variance parameter and its relation to regression coefficients produces a rich class of postdata densities for regression parameters. Prediction and model selection techniques are also described. We also discuss the well-documented link between cross-entropy and the average log odds and then use this criterion in an experiment to compare results obtained from BMOM and Bayes approaches using data generated from known models. 相似文献
98.
The paper considers n-dimensional VAR models for variables exhibiting cointegration and common cyclical features. Two specific reduced rank vector error correction models are discussed. In one, named the “strong form” and denoted by SF, the collection of all coefficient matrices of a VECM has rank less than n, in the other, named the “weak form” and denoted by WF, the collection of all coefficient matrices except the matrix of coefficient of error correction terms has rank less than n. The paper explores the theoretical connections between these two forms, suggests asymptotic tests for each form and examines the small sample properties of these tests by Monte Carlo simulations. 相似文献
99.
100.
Frank Figge Tobias Hahn Stefan Schaltegger Marcus Wagner 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2002,11(5):269-284
The Balanced Scorecard of Kaplan and Norton is a management tool that supports the successful implementation of corporate strategies. It has been discussed and considered widely in both practice and research. By linking operational and non‐financial corporate activities with causal chains to the firm's long‐term strategy, the Balanced Scorecard supports the alignment and management of all corporate activities according to their strategic relevance. The Balanced Scorecard makes it possible to take into account non‐monetary strategic success factors that significantly impact the economic success of a business. The Balanced Scorecard is thus a promising starting‐point to also incorporate environmental and social aspects into the main management system of a firm. Sustainability management with the Balanced Scorecard helps to overcome the shortcomings of conventional approaches to environmental and social management systems by integrating the three pillars of sustainability into a single and overarching strategic management tool. After a brief discussion of the different possible forms of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard the article takes a closer look at the process and steps of formulating a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard for a business unit. Before doing so, the basic conventional approach of the Balanced Scorecard and its suitability for sustainability management will be outlined in brief. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献