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51.
This paper makes the point that an import-competing industry may not want maximal protection. The reason is that a high level of protection encourages inward foreign direct investment, which could be even less desirable than import competition. A government captured by the domestic import-competing industry consequently will set the level of protection low enough to limit direct foreign entry. This paper also establishes results regarding the form of protection. Voluntary export restraints are shown to be the domestic industry's desired means of protection, because leaving export rents with foreigners inhibits foreign direct investment. 相似文献
52.
Design is defined as a strategic competency that can be utilized in order to create new objects, artifacts (i.e. products), systems and services, starting with some idea about customer needs. Since the products and services from the design process are of strategic importance to the company, design knowledge itself can become a strategic asset. Although one might expect design to be an internal resource from the point of view of transaction costs, most companies only possess some design competencies and acquire creative design skills from design consultants. The important issue is how they delineate what is strategic and what is not strategic, but skills. The article is based on two case studies from the furniture industry in which the companies have found different solutions. In the paper we therefore explain the differences in terms of the resource-based view on strategy. This indicates different conceptions of design resources, operating in different, but comparable contexts. 相似文献
53.
We consider a financing game where monitoring is costly, non-contractible and allowed to be stochastic. The optimal contract,
which is debt, induces creditor leniency and strategic defaults on the equilibrium path, consistent with empirical evidence
on repayment and monitoring behavior in credit markets. Our paper is the first where the optimal contract is debt and default
is not synonymous with bankruptcy. 相似文献
54.
Investing in Wildlife: Can Wildlife Pay its Way? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
55.
Jan Tore Klovland 《Explorations in Economic History》2009,46(2):266-284
Newly constructed global indices of ocean freight rates in the 1850s show large cyclical fluctuations in these years. A new type of freight rate index, referred to as a repeat sailings index, is presented, which is similar to a type of index frequently applied to house prices. An econometric model of the freight rate market is estimated on monthly data from the 1850s. It is found that harvest failures, business cycles, the supply of tonnage and the Crimean War all significantly affected freight rates in this period. The Crimean War may have accounted for about a quarter of the surge in freight rates in the years prior to the outbreak of the War; once the War broke out in March 1854, however, it was of less importance. 相似文献
56.
Tore Ellingsen 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》1997,99(4):581-596
Within most organizations, agents may spend time on a variety of tasks — productive and redistributive. In this paper, I derive an optimal multi-task incentive scheme under the assumption that agents have limited liability. The wage level is shown to increase with an agent's discretion and the organization's profits. With multiple agents, it is generally not optimal for the principal to fully eliminate distributional conflict within the organization. The resulting influence costs constitute a measure of X-inefficiency. The analysis illuminates the relationship between competition and influence costs, emphasizing the role of the organization's production technology. 相似文献
57.
There were many lessons learned in this experiment; among them: that change efforts must be systemwide and must be directed at those problems which represent the greatest barriers to change. While this project failed, the authors find and spell out the conditions in which it could have been an adequate vehicle. 相似文献