Entry to foreign markets and productivity: Evidence from a matched sample of Turkish manufacturing firms

We examine the effects of international trading activities of firms on creating productivity gains in Turkey by using a recent firm-level data set over the period 2003–2010. We establish treatment models and investigate the productivity improvements of firms through trade by using propensity score matching techniques together with difference-in-difference estimates. Three different groups of treatment are constructed: (1) firms that are involved only with import activities, (2) firms that are involved only with export activities and (3) firms that are involved with both export and import activities. The results of the study suggest that both exporting and importing have positive significant effects on total factor productivity (TFP) and labour productivity (LP) of firms. Importing is found to have a greater impact on productivity of firms compared to exporting. Further, two-way trade is found to have more significant effects than those of one-way trade on firm productivity. Finally, our results indicate that international trade has greater impact on LP rather than TFP of firms.     

Patterns of Change in Child Labour and Schooling in Turkey: The Impact of Compulsory Schooling

Substantial improvements have taken place in the employment and schooling of children in Turkey. Decomposition analysis based on data from two time periods shows that a substantial part of the drop in child labour and over half of the increase in school enrolment can be attributed to the changing cost and benefit structures of work and schooling rather than to changing population characteristics. This paper establishes that work and schooling are incompatible activities and that the negative association between them has increased over time. The observed changes are attributed to the extension of compulsory schooling and the ban on child labour.     

以“三区联动”构建新的区域生态创新网络

"三区联动"是大学校区、科技园区与公共社区三者紧密结合的一种互动发展模式。文章首先界定了"三区联动"的涵义及特征;然后将区域创新理论与生态经济学理论有机结合,创新性提出以"三区联动"为基础构建新的区域生态创新网络,并构造出"三区联动"区域生态创新网络模型。接着分析了构建"三区联动"区域生态创新网络的理论和现实基础以及作用,认为"三区联动"的重要作用在于通过构建一个新的区域创新生态网络,促进微观、中观、宏观三个层面创新系统的建设,并以"三区联动"这一中观创新生态网络为桥梁,使三个创新层面之间形成良性互动,从而提高整个城市乃至国家的持续创新能力。最后,以上海紫竹科学园区5年的实际运营效果验证了上述区域生态创新理论具有实际的理论指导意义。     

“三方协调”机制:民营企业和谐劳动关系的框架构建

正确处理劳动关系,是构建"和谐社会"的重要内容。调整好民营企业劳动关系,妥善处理好这些问题和矛盾,在民营企业内部建立合作、共赢的劳动关系,成为理论界、企业界和政府关注的焦点。本文从民营企业劳动关系存在的问题出发,对劳动关系的运作机制进行分析,提出了构建民营企业和谐劳动关系的对策,即建立起包括政府、企业主组织、工会在内的"三方协调"机制。     

不同层面政府主体对城市土地资源配置的影响——基于浙江省的调查数据

作为城市土地资源配置和使用的主体,不同层面的政府主体由于目标导向和利益的不同,对城市土地利用会有不同的影响。本研究基于对浙江省域内2004年64个县域单位内地块出让和利用情况数据,通过选取宏观、中观以及微观三个层面的因素对新增人口用地弹性、新增产值用地弹性以及土地利用率的影响进行分析,突破仅以单一层级政府主体研究的缺陷。研究结果表明,宏观层面中央政府虽然促进土地集约配置的导向明确,但其土地政策必须与相关政策相配套;省级层面处于政策传导器的中观层面,其出台的部分政策有双刃剑的作用,对城市土地资源配置结果会产生双向影响;提高微观主体的地方城市土地配置绩效的关键在于提高土地取得成本。     

股权结构与控股股东行为的实证研究

关于股权结构与控制权收益实证分析表明,第一大股东持股比例越高,控制权收益越高;第二大股东与第一大股东之间的相互制衡有利于限制控股股东的掠夺行为,减少控制权收益。因此,降低股权集中度、充分发挥大股东之间的相互制衡作用是规范控股股东行为的关键所在。     

Work Values of Turkish and American University Students

The first aim of this paper was to investigate how the traditional Protestant work ethic (PWE) and more contemporary work values (i.e., masculine, feminine, and entrepreneurship values) were related to one another, and differed across genders and two cultural contexts, namely Turkey and the U.S. The second aim was to elucidate the role of religiosity in PWE among the two cultural groups. Two hundred and sixty six American and 211 Turkish university students participated in this questionnaire study. The analyses examining cross-cultural differences revealed that Turkish university students reported greater scores in the PWE and all contemporary work values as compared to their American counterparts. For the Turkish sample, there were no gender-related differences in the PWE, whereas in the U.S. sample, men reported greater PWE scores than did women. With regard to gender differences in contemporary work values, our results showed that gender groups differed in feminine and entrepreneurship values in both cultural contexts; men emphasized femininity and entrepreneurship more than women in Turkey but the reverse was true in the U.S. Correlations between contemporary work values and the PWE illustrated that the PWE is associated with entrepreneurship and masculine values in both cultural contexts and with feminine values in the Turkish context. Finally, our results regarding the role of religiosity in PWE indicated that highly religious participants reported greater PWE scores than the less religious ones regardless of culture. Findings are discussed with reference both to differences in the two socio-cultural contexts and to recent change in the social structure of Turkish society. Zahide Karakitapoğlu Aygu¨n received her Ph.D. in social psychology from Middle East Technical University Turkey. She is currently an assistant professor at Bilkent University, Faculty of Business Administration. Her research interests concern values, commitment and justice. Mahmut Arslan (BSc, MA, PhD) is an Associate Professor received his graduate degree from Hacettepe University Department of Public Finance. He completed a masters degree in Business Administration at Hacettepe University Department of Business Administration and his PhD in Business at University of Leeds (UK). He has worked as a financial analyst and a research assistant. Dr. Arslan has also worked for the several reorganization projects as analyst and coordinator. He became Assistant Professor in 2000 and Associate Professor in 2003 at Hacettepe University Department of Business Administration. He teaches management and business ethics, organizational behaviour. He is also the director of Hacettepe University Centre for Business and Professional Ethics. Dr. Col. Salih Gu¨ney is an Associate Professor graduated from Hacettepe University Department of Sociology in Ankara in 1980. He received master's degree in behavioral sciences from the University of Istanbul, Faculty of Management in 1987. He finished his doctoral studies in behavioral sciences at the same university and received his PhD in 1988. He became an associated professor in 1997. He is currently the head of the behavioral sciences branch in the Turkish Military Academy. He teaches behavioral sciences, communication theory, introduction to sociology, and public relations at the Military Academy.     

中国的工业生产力革命--用随机前沿生产模型对中国大中型工业企业全要素生产率增长的分解及分析

本文运用中国大中型工业企业 1 995— 2 0 0 2年期间的年度企业数据 ,系统地研究 3. 7个两位数工业行业的全要素生产率 (TFP)增长趋势 ,并用随机前沿生产模型 ,将生产率增长分解为前沿技术进步 (FTP)、相对前沿技术效率 (TE)的变化、配置效率 (AE)以及规模经济性 (SE)四大因素。主要结论 :(一 )TFP的行业加权年均增长率为 6. 8% ,并呈逐年上升的趋势 ;(二 )前沿技术进步已经成为TFP增长的最重要动力 ,企业因前沿技术进步平均每年提高全要素生产率高达 1 4个百分点 ;(三 )企业相对前沿的技术效率差距拉大 ,已经严重阻碍了TFP增长 ,导致TFP平均每年下降 7个百分点 ,这既是挑战 ,也是反映今后企业通过追赶先进技术提高生产力的潜力。 (四 )企业投入要素的配置效率对TFP增长几乎没有贡献 ,年均贡献仅为 0 . 0 2个百分点 ,而企业的规模经济性对TFP的贡献也仅为负 0 . 3 3个百分点 ,这与前沿技术进步和技术效率变化对TFP的影响相比都微不足道。分析表明 ,前沿技术进步一方面推动着生产力的快速增长 ,另一方面却加剧了企业间的技术效率差距 ,导致更激烈的市场竞争压力。世纪之交的中国最重要的工业企业正经历着一场以前沿技术进步及追赶先进企业为核心的生产力革命。     

房地产、游资冲击与人民币汇率稳定

从1998年亚洲金融危机的人民币贬值论到今天的人民币升值论,人民币汇率问题一直是国内外学术界和政治经济界关注的焦点。^[1]自2002年下半年起,世界经济陷入低迷,而同期中国经济强劲增长,成为全球经济中最大的亮点。以日本为代表的国家将世界经济的低迷归咎于中国向世界输出通货紧缩,并将矛头直接指向人民币汇率,给人民币施加强大的升值压力。对此,中国政府多次声明保持人民币汇率稳定。由于人民币在资本项目下的不可兑换性,这一承诺具有很高的可信度并在亚洲金融危机期间通过检验。然而,大量的国际游资正在绕过这道防火墙,以投资房地产的形式进入国内豪赌人民币升值。