地方旅游发展中政府动员的动力机制与运行模式

通过文献梳理和实证研究,提出在地方旅游业发展模式研究中,相较政府主导,更科学的说法应该是政府“动员”,即政府以各种方式调动各方面力量,全方位发动、整合和协调旅游发展。旅游发展政府动员的动力机制,其客观因素是基于绩效考核的外来消费导入,而主观因素则是剧场效应带来的可视化政绩显示。在运作模式上,政府通过内部动员、对社会动员和对企业动员三种方式,推动地方旅游发展。研究认为,尽管政府动员模式存在诸多问题,但在中国地方旅游业发展中仍然具有一定的合理性。     

Protection and welfare in the presence of dynamic learning

Zusammenfassung Protektion und Wohlfahrt unter der Annahme eines dynamischen Lernprozesses. - Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Wohlfahrts?nderungen in einem Land, das auf ein Gut Z?lle erhebt, bei dem “learning by doing” m?glich ist. Es zeigt sich, da▾ die Protektion die Wohlfahrt selbst dort vermindert, wo das Lernen steigende Skalenertr?ge mit sich bringt, und da▾ Lernen generell die Kosten der Protektion vergr?▾ert. Eine Folge dieses Vergr?▾erungseffektes ist, da▾ sich Wohlfahrtsverluste minimieren lassen, wenn die Industrien geschützt werden, die sich bereits in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium des Lernprozesses befinden. Handelsbeschr?nkungen durch Drittl?nder verringern (erh?hen) die Wohlfahrt von Export-(Import-)L?ndern. Die Verteilung dieser Gewinne (Verluste) im Zeitablauf h?ngt teilweise von der Lernrate in dem betreffenden Land ab.

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Résumé Protection et bien-être en présence d’un processus dynamique d’apprendre. - Dans cet article l’auteur analyse le changement en bien-être d’un pays qui impose ou est soumis aux taxes commerciales sur un bien qui est ouvert au “learning by doing”. Il démontre que le bien-être est réduit par la protection même si le processus d’apprendre exhibe des rendements croissants d’échelle et que, généralement, ce processus agrandit les co?ts de protection. Une implication de cet effet d’agrandissement est que les pertes en bien-être sont minimisées par des industries protégées qui se trouvent déjà dans des stades avancés du processus. Restrictions imposées par des pays tiers réduisent (augmentent) le bien-être des pays exportatrices (importatrices). La distribution intertemporales de ces gains (pertes) dépend, partiellement, du taux de croissance du processus d’apprendre d’un pays.

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Resumen Protectión y bienestar en presencia de aprendizaje dinámico. - Este trabajo analiza cambios en el bienestar de un país que impone o está sujeto a impuestos al comercio sobre un producto para el cual rige el lema “learning by doing”. Se demuestra que la protectión reduce el bienestar incluso cuando el aprendizaje presenta beneficios crecientes y que, en general, el aprendizaje aumenta el costo de la protección. Una implicación de este efecto de magnificación es que se minimizan las pérdidas de bienestar al proteger industrias que se encuentran en niveles avanzados de aprendizaje. Restricciones arancelarias frente a o en terceros países disminuyen (aumentan) el bienestar de países exportadores (importadores). La distribución intertemporal de estas ganancias (pérdidas) depende, en parte, de la tasa de aprendizaje de un país.

     

Inside the <Emphasis FontCategory="SansSerif">“</Emphasis>black box<Emphasis FontCategory="SansSerif">”</Emphasis> of private in-house meetings

We examine information content and related insider trading around private in-house meetings between corporate insiders and investors and analysts. We use a hand-collected dataset of approximately 17,000 private meeting summary reports of Shenzhen Stock Exchange firms over 2012–2014. We find that these private meetings are informative and corporate insiders conducted over one-half of their stock sales (totaling $8.7 billion) around these meetings. Some insiders time their transactions and earn substantial gains by selling (purchasing) relatively more shares before bad (good) news disclosures while postponing selling (purchasing) when good (bad) news is to be disclosed in the meeting. Finally, we conduct a content analysis of published meeting summary reports and find that the tone in these reports is associated with stock market reactions around (1) private meetings themselves, (2) subsequent public release of private meeting details, (3) subsequent earnings announcements and (4) future stock performance.     

Not quite paradise: Inadequacies of environmental impact assessment in the Maldives

The Maldives, a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), has seen a rapid development of its tourism industry over the last 35 years with visitor numbers rising from 1062 visitors per year in 1972 through to over 600,000 today. Both in popular conception and reality the Maldives relies on its marine life and beaches to sustain a tourism industry that contributes over 30% of total GDP.     

Sex discrimination in selection and compensation in Taiwan

This article describes the current status of women in the workplace in Taiwan. Statistical evidence shows sex segregation in the labour market. Discriminatory practices in the hiring process are documented via a content analysis of 7,037 classified ads. Overtly discriminatory actions, such as blatantly stated gender requirements in the classified ads, are shown to be still common in hiring practices. Census data on a gender gap in compensation shows that women in Taiwan evidently get less pay than men do for the same work. The ratio of female to male employees is significantly and negatively correlated with the ratio of female to male in pay. The higher the percentages of women in an industry, the lower the pay women get compared to men. Also, the ratio of female to male in pay is negatively related to the turnover rate. Companies that pay women fairly tend to enjoy lower turnover rates. The implications of these women's issues in human resource management in Taiwan are presented.