A report card on diversity: lessons for business from higher education.

Institutions of higher learning in the United States have long played a disproportionate role in supplying leadership talent to the world's business and professional organizations. For 30 years, the most selective schools have been working to increase diversity in their student bodies. New research by the former presidents of Princeton and Harvard suggests that the experiences and initiatives of these academic institutions can provide business leaders with insight into how to create diverse organizations that succeed. The first insight has to do with clarity of mission. It is not enough to pursue diversity because it is "the right thing to do." In an insert, Raymond Gilmartin, the CEO of Merck, echoes that view, discussing the relationship between diversity and Merck's competitiveness. The second insight concerns recruiting. The authors challenge what they call "the myth of pure merit," the notion that recruiting is a precise science based only on grades and test scores. Instead, they argue, merit is about assembling a team by deciding which applicants, considered individually and collectively, will contribute most to achieving the company's goals. The third insight concerns how organizations help employees perform to their potential. Of the factors contributing to high graduation rates at the most selective schools, higher expectations and the efforts of mentors stand out as most important. Finally, the fourth insight is about how to achieve accountability in a corporate setting. Boards must ask: Are our recruiting policies working? and How are recruited employees doing?     

LEGISLATED PROTECTION AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

Tariff bindings and administered protection are two characteristics of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that are little understood. Tariff bindings place a ceiling on tariffs that is not always reached, whereas administered protection provides all industries with some minimum import protection, effectively creating a floor for protection. How do these policies affect applied most favored nation (MFN) tariff rates that are enacted through the legislature? I model tariffs determined by a dynamic legislative process and show that low applied MFN tariffs are less likely with tariff bindings and more likely with administered protection than under purely legislated protection.     

Market-focused HRM in service organizations: Satisfying internal and external customers

This paper describes how the HRM function can positively influence the satisfaction of both its internal customers, such as, line employees, and external customers. Evidence is cited for how satisfaction levels in these internal and external markets often are correlated in service organizations. The management practices apparently associated with this correlation are described, concentrating on HRM's role in creating satisfied employees who are motivated and able service providers. The importance of customizing HRM practices to fit a specific market segment is emphasized.     

数字经济与企业战略变革——基于A股上市公司的经验证据

企业战略变革是转变经济增长方式、促进产业转型升级的有效途径。在数字经济蓬勃发展的背景下,本文基于企业战略变革这一理论视角,选取2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,实证检验数字经济对企业战略变革的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现,首先,数字经济发展程度越高,越能提升企业战略变革水平,这一结论在选取历史数据作为工具变量及稳健性检验后仍然成立;其次,当内部董事会独立性与外部媒体关注度越高时,强化了数字经济发展程度与企业战略变革之间的正向关系;进一步地,数字经济发展程度对企业战略变革的激励效应得益于企业创新能力与风险承担水平的提升,异质性分析表明在非国有和成长期、成熟期企业样本中上述关系更加明显;最后,企业战略变革能够提升企业市场价值和要素配置效率。本研究助推了战略变革动因以及数字经济赋能企业高质量发展的效应、机制和企业性质差异的理解,为更好地驱动企业战略发展提供参考建议。     

国外江河流域协调机制及对我国发展的启示

作为中国经济发展的新支撑带,长江经济带面临着市场分割、产业趋同以及重复建设等问题,因此急需构建跨区域协调机制,从而实现东中西区域的均衡发展。通过对密西西比河流域、莱茵河流域以及多瑙河流域开发与跨流域管理机制进行概括可以发现,国外江河流域跨区域协调机制的亮点在于构建双边及多边合作机制、树立风险管理意识、鼓励公民参与治理、信息数据共享、采用高科技手段以及完善相关法律法规等。对于定位于打造东中西互动合作的协调发展带的长江经济带而言,这些都是理应学习和借鉴的成功经验。     

民间融资的模式、规模及评判——台州民间融资新情况调查

本文从主体与目的的差异性入手,将民间融资分为亲友圈互助性、职业化逐利性两种模式;利用理论模型法和抽样调查法对台州当前民间融资规模与结构予以详细测算;同时对其需求、途径、用途、成本、风险等五个方面特征与趋势予以分析;在此基础上对民间融资作出四点客观评判:一是作用非常关键,民间融资是民营企业的"孵化器";二是成本并不高昂,民间融资平均利率大体合理;三是风险总体可控,民间融资风险应区别看待;四是流向有悖政策,民间资金或进入宏观调控限制行业,希望藉此理清人们对民间融资的模糊看法与观点。     

重建长江中游湖泊生态系统的构想

当代长江流域的洪涝灾害是自然过程与人类社会活动共同作用的结果。１９９８年长江流域的特大洪灾集中反映了这一自然与人类社会的交互作用,长江流域洪涝灾害的多发区在中游的平原泛滥。究其原因,主要是因为盲目的围湖造田,泥沙淤积,造成湖泊调蓄洪水面积减小,湖泊生态环境恶化,从而影响行洪能力。因此,我们在反思长江流域洪涝灾害的成因和寻求其对策的过程中,要特点重视长江中游湖泊生态系统的保护和建设,使人与自然和谐共     

地方政府官员行为动机因素研究——基于Grey-AHP-DEMATEL算法的分析

经济学的个体主义为解释地方政府的整体行为提供了适切视角。文章在专家灰数评价和专家AHP确权的基础上,运用DEMATEL分析法,以作为地方政府代理人的政府官员为对象,对其个体特征、行为活动和所处制度环境进行解剖,进而厘清地方政府官员的行为动机。研究成果:从内部心理倾向、外部激励和外部约束三个维度构建了我国地方政府官员行为动机因素评价指标体系;对Grey-AHP-DEMATEL算法识别出的关键因素、原因因素和结果因素进行分析,认为要想更大程度发挥地方政府效能,必须遵循对地方政府官员"强动力—强激励—强保障—强约束"的基本路径。     

The Wealth Effect of Corporate Water Actions: How Past Corporate Responsibility and Irresponsibility Influence Stock Market Reactions

Journal of Business Ethics - Companies increasingly recognize the importance of communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR) including their engagement toward employees, the community, the...