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641.
642.
The paper explores the relation between individual banks' liquidity management in the euro area and the ECB's management of the aggregate current accounts held by banks with the Eurosystem. It is argued that, in the case of the euro area with its large, remunerated reserve requirements that have to be fulfilled only on average over a one-month period, the banks' demand for working balances to serve as a buffer against market imperfections is always below reserve requirements. It is therefore normally sufficient for the ECB when steering short-term interest rates to control aggregate liquidity in a way that the aggregate banking system is in a position to fulfil adequately its reserve requirements. In particular, the ECB normally does not need to take care of any factors that affect temporarily the demand for working balances, such as the level and uncertainties of interbank payment flows. However, two exceptions are noteworthy and are discussed in the paper: the banks' balance sheet management activities implying a regular end of month peak of the EONIA rate; and the liquidity situation in the case of substantive market tensions as in the days following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The need of the ECB's liquidity management to address the associated deviations from a model of perfect markets is discussed. 相似文献
643.
Ulrich Dietsch 《Intereconomics》1977,12(9-10):263-267
Until the early seventies the German Democratic Republic (GDR), in line with the CSSR and Bulgaria, was least disposed among CMEA countries to engage in cooperation activities with the West. One of the major reasons for the reserve shown by the GDR in this respect was probably that linkage through cooperation agreements of the GDR-owned production and distribution potential to Western partners was deemed to involve too great a political and economic risk. Since the political recognition in 1972 and 1973 however a reversal of views could be observed which is justified by GDR circles with a series of new trends in the world economy and in world politics. 相似文献
644.
Paulgeorg Juhl Bernhard Fischer Ulrich Lächler Rolf Mirus Karl-Heinz Paqué 《Review of World Economics》1984,120(4):782-795
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
645.
Prof. Dr. G. Hommel 《Metrika》1986,33(1):321-336
Under the assumption of arbitrary dependences among the hypotheses and tests, several multiple test procedures are presented which keep a multiple level less than or equal to a given bound under control. For the construction of these procedures a slight modification of the principle of closed test procedures described by Marcus, Peritz and Gabriel (1976) is necessary; then the results of Hommel (1983) can be applied. 相似文献
646.
647.
Ulrich Stumpf 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1980,1(4):212-212
648.
649.
Ulrich Hiemenz 《Intereconomics》1986,21(4):176-180
The benefits of development aid have been increasingly called into question in recent times. In such aid superfluous or indeed harmful? Ulrich Hiemenz and Franz Nuscheler address this issue in the following two contributions. 相似文献
650.