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141.
142.
Ward's [1958] main result is that an increase in the output price of the labor-managed firm (LMF) decreases its output and
members. However, Ward and his followers have not addressed two important elements: the benefit of sharing a public good among
LMF members and the increased coordination costs among these members. This paper incorporates these elements to derive the
LMF's optimal size and suggests conditions which may alter Ward's perverse result. The example of the Israeli Kibbutzim concerning
both incorporating the public goods as well as coordination costs serves as a motivation to the model developed in this paper. 相似文献
143.
In the 1980s, the Chinese regime took a number of piecemeal steps toward economic liberalization. This process accelerated
impressively in the 1990s. This paper reports an empirical study into the determinants of the emerging pattern of Chinese
trade (export and import) intensities in the liberalization decade by exploring international trade statistics for 1993 and
1999. Four models are estimated that explain the shifts in the export and import intensities of the trade with different trade
partners in the 1993–1999 period. The estimation results reveal differences for export vis-à-vis import trade intentities,
as well as for 1993 compared to 1999. For example, the political determinants of trade intensities that were still very important
in 1993 have been moved to the background by economic explanations in 1999. JEL no. F14 相似文献
144.
In this article, we analyze the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports, using Spanish quarterly data for the period 1977–1998, by means of Granger causality tests in a cointegration framework. Our results point to the existence of a relationship of complementarity between both variables, with Granger causality running in the short run from outward FDI to exports, and bilateral Granger causality in the long run. 相似文献
145.
Jose?Manuel?Pavía?MirallesEmail author Luis-Eduardo?Vila?Lladosa Roberto?Escuder?Vallés 《Spanish Economic Review》2003,5(4):291-305
Most of the countries of the OECD offer quarterly estimates of their national growth or of their Gross National Product. Official Statistical Agencies in western countries have to deal with the problem of estimating Quarterly National Accounts series congruently with Annual National Accounts. In Spain, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística uses the Chow-Lin disaggregation method, which is based on information provided by a group of high-frequency related variables, to estimate the quarterly components of National Accounts from annual components. In this paper, we analyse the relative quality of the estimates obtained through the Chow-Lin procedure, under different sets of hypotheses.JEL Classification:
C15, C43, M40We are grateful to Maria Amparo Ripoll for her assistance. The authors also wish to thank three anonymous referees and an editor for their constructive suggestions and comments. This research was partially made during the stay of the first author at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. It has been partially supported by the research project DGCYT PB98-1460. 相似文献
146.
We analyze the cross-country determinants and financial stability implications of the mix of international banks’ foreign claims. We distinguish between local claims – extended by host country affiliates – and cross-border claims – booked outside the receiving country. Using data on Italian, Spanish, and US banks’ foreign claims, we find that the share of local claims is driven by restrictions on banking sector openness and by local scale economies/business opportunities. The impact of limits on property rights, entry requirements, start-up and informational costs is less robust. Finally, foreign claim volatility is lower in countries with a larger share of local claims. 相似文献
147.
148.
Rodrigo Martín-Rojas Víctor J. García-Morales María Teresa Bolívar-Ramos 《Technovation》2013,33(12):417-430
In the today′s changing environment, firms are hardly competing with each other to achieve a competitive advantage that can differentiate them from others and improve their organizational performance. In this sense, it is crucial to develop corporate entrepreneurship and promote strategic variables that foster it.The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of different technological variables (top management support to technology, technological skills and technological distinctive competencies) and organizational learning on corporate entrepreneurship, and thus analyze the influence of corporate entrepreneurship on organizational performance in the context of technology firms.A sample of 160 European technology firms was selected from the database Amadeus in 2009 with CEOs as our main informants. The hypotheses studied are empirically confirmed by using a hierarchical regression model. 相似文献
149.
Faced with the threat of climate change, there is a challenge to promote more environmentally friendly consumption patterns. This work seeks to unearth psychographic and socio‐demographic factors that could trigger environmentally motivated reductions in consumption. The context of empirical investigation is the European Union (i.e., a large‐scale sample of European citizens), with a focus on two key types of environmentally motivated consumption reduction: domestic and “out‐of‐home” (purchasing) activities. The findings show the interrelated effects of environmental knowledge and ecological motivations (in both aggregated and disaggregated forms) on positive and negative environmental attitudes, which in turn influence consumption reduction. There is also evidence of significant moderating influences of perceived environmental threat, gender, age, education, and country value orientation—particularly on “environmental knowledge” links. The findings reported here contribute to theory and practice toward environmental sustainability. 相似文献
150.
Juan Bautista Delgado‐García Ana Isabel Rodríguez‐Escudero Natalia Martín‐Cruz 《Journal of Small Business Management》2012,50(3):408-428
Emotions are important to an individual's behavior. However, affective elements have rarely been included in the analysis of entrepreneurs' behavior. Using a sample of 335 entrepreneurs from multiple industries of the Spanish region of Castile and León, we analyze the role of emotions in entrepreneurs' statement of goals and in their satisfaction with business performance. The results show that positive affective traits influence an entrepreneur to state broad and ambitious goals, and personal negative affective traits influence an entrepreneur to state a narrow set of goals. We also find that positive (negative) affective traits are positively (negatively) related to entrepreneur satisfaction. 相似文献