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31.
Kenneth J. Meier 《Public Management Review》2016,18(2):258-277
Do internal (administrative human capital) and external (social capital) resources work to reinforce the effects of each other? Work from multiple disciplines has approached this question, and we advance this literature with a theory of social and administrative resources as potential substitutes for each other in the production of public education outcomes. We argue that social capital benefits some groups more than others and that it interacts with management to improve performance. We therefore expect the benefits associated with social capital to be non-uniform across community groups. Using education as our area of study, we find that social capital offers the most direct and unconditional benefits to white students but that management can use human capital resources to compensate disadvantaged students who may lack support and resources outside of the classroom. We do not find support for the expectation that social capital and human administrative capital reinforce the benefits of each other, but we find evidence that the two resource types are substitutable. This implies that management may substitute human capital resources when social capital is low to benefit public program performance. 相似文献
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We present three scenarios concerning access to documents in three real world fields of application, which have in common that they are very difficult to support with classical anticipative access control systems. We show, how - based on a highly configurable notification and negotiation service, which is tightly integrated with a classical access control system - the common permission and denial options can be extended with awareness and negotiation and how this approach supports the three initial access scenarios. We also introduce our implementation of the notification and negotiation service in the PoliTeam project. 相似文献
35.
The role of uncertainty within an organization’s environment features prominently in the business ethics and management literature,
but how corporate investment decisions should proceed in the face of uncertainties relating to the natural environment is
less discussed. From the perspective of ecological economics, the salience of ecology-induced issues challenges management
to address new types of uncertainties. These pertain to constraints within the natural environment as well as to institutional
action aimed at conserving the natural environment. We derive six areas of ecology-induced uncertainties and propose ecology-driven
real options as a conceptual approach for systematically incorporating these uncertainties into strategic management. We combine
our results in an integrative investment framework and illustrate its application with the case of carbon constraints. 相似文献
36.
Zusammenfassung Moderne Therapiem?glichkeiten — Wohl kaum ein Gebiet der Medizin hat eine vergleichbar rasantere Entwicklung erlebt als die
Erforschung von HIV und der antiretroviralen Therapie. Die Suche nach einem Impfstoff gegen den HI-Virus blieb allerdings
erfolglos. Der einzige Schutz ist noch immer die Pr?vention. Denn auch wenn eine HIV-Infektion heute zu einer chronischen
Krankheit geworden ist, endet sie noch immer mit einem vorzeitigen Tod. 相似文献
37.
This paper develops a quality-ladder model of endogenous growthto study the interplay between in-house R&D and combativeadvertising expenditure, and its implications for economic growth,firm size, and welfare. The analysis shows that, somewhat surprisingly,higher incentives to engage in advertising, although combative,unambiguously foster innovation activity of firms. This, possibly,leads to faster growth and even higher welfare. These resultsrest on two features of the model which are well-supported byempirical evidence. First, if firms incur higher sunk costsfor marketing, concentration and firm size rise. Second, firmsize and R&D expenditure are positively related as largerfirms are able to spread R&D costs over higher sales. Theanalysis also suggests that R&D subsidies are conduciveto R&D and growth without inducing firms to raise advertisingoutlays. 相似文献
38.
Information technology (IT) of insurance companies refers to the variety of organizational units that are in charge of development, implementation and operation of the specific entrepreneurial IT-applications. Our analyses follow the notion that nowadays information technologies departments face increasing cost pressure and the modern reflex of introducing outsourcing-and offshoring-measures does not necessarily lead to cost reductions. Therefore a closer cooperation of IT departments and other organizational units is crucial and strengthens the improvement of competitiveness of the entire insurance company. Furthermore a method leading to a gradual Business Alignment of IT departments within insurance companies will be introduced. 相似文献
39.
The measures taken so far to move towards currency convertibility and combat inflation in Russia and the other CIS countries
are based largely on a three-stage programme formulated by the IMF. The following article presents alternatives and compares
them with the IMF concept from the point of view of credibility. 相似文献
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