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991.
近年来,中国凭借产业集群获得了巨大的国际竞争力。中国产业集群的特点是产量大、劳动密集和生产成本低,其明显缺点是生产效率低、污染严重、附加值低。这些缺点为国外愈演愈烈的对中国反倾销及其它指责提供了口实。中美有各自的优势,两者的合作,将不仅能够促进中国产业集群的转型升级,而且将大大缓解中美间的贸易摩擦。 相似文献
992.
Francisco Fatás-Villafranca Dulce Saura Francisco J. Vazquez 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2009,11(1):43-63
In this paper we present a model from which discretionary consumption dynamics can be analyzed as global properties emerging
from the endogenous transformation of a society inhabited by boundedly rational interactive consumers. By considering local
and global interactions among consumers, we show that behavioral diversity plays a central role in the evolution of consumption
patterns. The analysis of the model reveals the existence of a regime characterized by the persistence of different social
standards, and a time evolution of the social distribution of behavioral patterns towards a heteroclinic cycle. In some cases
the evolution seems to be chaotic, generating unpredictable, erratic dynamics of the aggregate social indices (average or
social propensity for discretionary consumption).
相似文献
993.
Jeffrey J. Yankow 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(2):233-244
Theory predicts that workers in cities are more likely to engage in job search, ceteris paribus, due to market efficiencies associated with greater job density. However, if job search is more efficient in urban markets,
then the quality of a given job match should also tend to be higher in cities, ceteris paribus. Employed workers living in cities might then be expected to search less than their nonurban counterparts. In this latter
instance, it is not city residency itself that makes search less likely, but rather the positive correlation between city
residency and job match quality. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this prediction is confirmed:
The estimated coefficient on an indicator of urban residency is found to be near zero and statistically insignificant in models
of employed search that omit proxies for job match quality. When job match proxies are included in the models, the estimated
coefficient on urban residency becomes positive and highly significant. This result suggests that workers are not only more
likely to engage in employed search in urban labor markets, but also tend to find more productive job matches in cities over
time.
相似文献
Jeffrey J. YankowEmail: |
994.
ACCOUNTING FOR HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION: A PROTOTYPE SATELLITE ACCOUNT USING THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
by J. Steven Landefeld Barbara M. Fraumeni Cindy M. Vojtech 《Review of Income and Wealth》2009,55(2):205-225
This paper presents a satellite account where households are treated as production units. It extends previous work that treats consumer durables as investment and that values nonmarket household production activities such as cooking, cleaning, and childcare. Services from consumer durables and government capital related to household production are also valued. In constructing the updated accounts, this paper incorporates new time use data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the harmonized time use data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS). This paper also discusses and incorporates recommendations made by the U.S. National Academies panel on nonmarket accounts. 相似文献
995.
Wouter J. Den Haan Steven W. Sumner Guy M. Yamashiro 《The Canadian journal of economics》2009,42(3):1150-1175
Abstract . Following a monetary tightening, bank loans to consumers decrease. This is true for both mortgage and non-mortgage loans, and it is true for a tightening by the Bank of Canada that is, and is not, a response to a tightening by the Federal Reserve System. In contrast, business loans increase following a monetary tightening. The 'perverse' response of business loans cannot be explained by an increase in the demand for funds due to a reduction in real activity. These results are consistent with a change in bank portfolio behaviour in favour of business loans in response to a monetary tightening. 相似文献
996.
Household cigarette demand in Turkey is examined using the zero-inflated negative binomial model to account for a large portion
of households not reporting cigarette smoking or purchase and estimated using the data from the national household survey
implemented in 2003. Data were divided into two main groups: families with and without teenagers. Results identify relevant
household head and household characteristics needed to develop effective public policy to prevent the decision to begin to
smoke and to reduce cigarette purchase to lower the future growth of government healthcare expenditures. Specifically, healthcare
expenditure share, income, and cigarette-price elasticities are relevant in lowering cigarette purchases. The calculated price
elasticities for cigarette demand falls within the range determined by studies conducted for developed countries including
the member states of the European Union. An estimate of the effect of an increase in the excise tax lowering demand is provided. 相似文献
997.
Raymond B. Palmquist Daniel J. Phaneuf V. Kerry Smith 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,46(1):19-41
Leisure activities such as local recreation trips usually take place in discrete blocks of time that are surrounded by time
devoted to other commitments. It can be costly to transfer time between blocks to allow for longer outings. These observations
affect the value of time within those blocks and suggest that traditional methods for valuing time using labor markets miss
important considerations. This paper presents a new model for time valuation that uses non-employment time commitments to
infer the shadow value of time spent in recreation. A unique survey that elicited revealed and stated preference data on household
time allocation is used to implement the model. The results support the conclusion that there is an increasing marginal value
of time for recreation as the trip length increases. 相似文献
998.
In this paper, we test for the stationarity of European Union budget deficits over the period 1971–2006, using a panel of
thirteen member countries. Our testing strategy addresses two key concerns with regard to unit root panel data testing, namely
(1) the presence of cross-sectional dependence among the countries in the panel and (2) the identification of potential structural
breaks that might have occurred at different points in time. To address these concerns, we employ an AR-based bootstrap approach
that allows us to test the null hypothesis of joint stationarity with endogenously determined structural breaks. In contrast
to the existing literature, we find that the EU countries considered are characterised by fiscal stationarity over the full
sample period irrespective of us allowing for structural breaks. This conclusion also holds when analysing sub-periods based
on before and after the Maastricht treaty. 相似文献
999.
Real-world industries are composed from heterogeneous firms and substantial intra-industry reallocations take place, i.e.
high productivity firms squeeze out low productivity firms. Previous tax-tool comparisons have not included these central
forces of industry structure. This paper examines a general equilibrium monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous
firms and intra-industry reallocations. We show that the welfare superiority of ad valorem over unit taxes under imperfect
competition is not only preserved but amplified. The additional difference between the tools arises because unit taxes distort
relative prices, which in turn reduces average industry productivity through reallocations (the survival and increased market
share of lower productivity firms). Importantly, numerical solutions of the model reveal that the relative welfare loss from
using the unit tax increases dramatically in the degree of firm heterogeneity. 相似文献
1000.
The awarding of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2004 to Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott represents an opportunity to evaluate
their contributions in light of Austrian economics. We lay out the basics of their contributions—the general equilibrium approach
to economic fluctuations and the game theoretic approach to policy—and argue that they have tenets similar to those of Austrianism.
We argue that their methodology parallels Austrian methodology in several significant ways that have gone unnoticed. We conclude
that Kydland and Prescott’s Nobel Prize suggests Austrian approaches can have a more prominent impact than they have had in
the past. 相似文献