Launching a High-Risk Business – An Interactive Simulation. Developed by High Performance Systems,Inc., based on the work of William A. Sahlman and Michael J. Roberts

Small Business Economics -     

Environmental policy and development

This study promotes the understanding of the link between development, environment and international economic relations. It suggests that the growth effects of environmental management may tend to serve as an equalizer, helping to redress the imbalance in real income levels between developed and developing economies.     

“第一次销售”谜局

在美国、欧盟等司法管辖范围内，如果进口商品在进口前已被多次销售，则进口商可以采用“第一次销售”海关完税价格方法（First sale rule）。利用这种方法，进口商可以用该商品在以前销售环节中的价格作为完税价格，从而形成低于进口价格的完税价格，以缴纳更低的关税。举例来说，某制造工厂出售一件产品给某家采购公司，该采购公司随即将这一产品转卖给美国的分销商，     

Opportunity sets and uncertain consequences

This paper provides an axiomatic approach to the problem of ranking opportunity sets with respect to the degree of uncertainty regarding possible consequences of the available actions. In many choice situations, the items that can be selected from a menu of possible choices (the objects of choice) do not coincide with the consequences they induce (the objects a decision-maker ultimately cares about). Thus, uncertainty regarding the consequences of the choices may be present. Two orderings that rank menus on the basis of the degree of uncertainty they represent are characterized.     

Compromising the Uncompromisable: Discrimination

ABSTRACT The market system contains fail-safe mechanisms to help those who are subjected to discrimination. A consistent libertarian political philosophy must come out for total repeal of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The law either is unnecessary or irrelevant. Efforts to claim that special legal privileges for minorities are reparations for years of enslavement or the equivalent are unconvincing. These "solutions" punish innocent people for the evil doings of others. This essay concludes with some thoughts about the forced transfer of some property now owned by whites to some blacks. A problem of social justice exists but it is not the problem addressed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.     

Core-equivalence for the Nash bargaining solution

Summary. Core equivalence and shrinking of the core results are well known for economies. The present paper establishes counterparts for bargaining economies, a specific class of production economies (finite and infinite) representing standard two-person bargaining games and their continuum counterparts as coalition production economies. Thereby we get core equivalence of the Nash solution. The results reconfirm the Walrasian approach to Nash bargaining of Trockel (1996). Moreover we establish the same speed of convergence as is known from Debreu (1975) and Grodal (1975) for replicated pure exchange economies and for regular purely competitive sequences of economies, respectively.Received: 13 June 2003, Revised: 13 January 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: C71, C78, D51.This article is dedicated to Birgit Grodal, a friend since 30 years.Financial support of the DFG under grant #444 USA 111/2/03 is gratefully acknowledged.     

Long Memory In Futures Prices

This paper tests for fractional roots in the futures prices for selected commodities, foreign currencies, and stock indexes. The fractional testing method is the spectral regression method suggested by Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983). The empirical results suggest the presence of a fractional exponent in the differencing process for several commodity and foreign currency futures prices. The returns series for these commodities and currencies exhibit long range positive dependence. However, differencing of exact order one is sufficient for the stock index futures prices. Implications are drawn concerning theoretical and econometric modeling and price forecasting.     

World Interest Shocks, Capital, and the Current Account

Macroeconomic performance in many developing countries is influenced by international credit conditions. This paper considers a developing economy that faces an upward-sloping supply function of debt. It analyzes how a particular foreign shock, a world interest shock, influences such key macroeconomic variables as output, investment, the current account, and the terms of trade in both short-run and steady-state equilibrium. An intertemporal optimizing model is used to study these issues. This approach permits characterization of the intertemporal adjustment of the indebted economy, and shows that a world interest shock lowers overall economic welfare.