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991.
Ned Dobos 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(2):273-279
Libertarianism and the shareholder model of corporate responsibility have long been thought of as natural bedfellows. In a
recent contribution to the Journal of Business Ethics, Brian Schaefer goes so far as to suggest that a proponent of shareholder theory cannot coherently and consistently embrace
any moral position other than philosophical libertarianism. The view that managers have a fiduciary obligation to advance the interests of shareholders
exclusively is depicted as fundamentally incompatible with the acknowledgement of natural positive duties – duties to aid
others that have not been acquired by some prior commitment or transaction. I argue that Schaefer is mistaken. Positive duties
are incompatible with the shareholder model only if we must contribute to their fulfilment in the corporate context; only if we have some reason to think that it is not possible or
not permissible to discharge these obligations entirely in our private lives or through our various other roles and capacities.
But we have no good reason to accept this. I argue that individuals are presumptively free to decide how and when to discharge
their positive duties, and that buying shares does not cause this presumption to lapse. Hence a non-libertarian moral theory
can be held without incoherence by a proponent of the shareholder model. 相似文献
992.
Patrick M. Erwin 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,99(4):535-548
Corporate codes of conduct are a practical corporate social responsibility (CSR) instrument commonly used to govern employee
behavior and establish a socially responsible organizational culture. The effectiveness of these codes has been widely discussed
on theoretical grounds and empirically tested in numerous previous reports that directly compare companies with and without
codes of conduct. Empirical research has yielded inconsistent results that may be explained by multiple ancillary factors,
including the quality of code content and implementation, which are excluded from analyses based solely on the presence or
absence of codes. This study investigated the importance of code content in determining code effectiveness by examining the
relationship between code of conduct quality and ethical performance. Companies maintaining high quality codes of conduct
were significantly more represented among top CSR ranking systems for corporate citizenship, sustainability, ethical behavior,
and public perception. Further, a significant relationship was observed between code quality and CSR performance, across a
full range of ethical rankings. These findings suggest code quality may play a crucial role in the effectiveness of codes
of conduct and their ability to transform organizational cultures. Future research efforts should transcend traditional comparisons
based on the presence or absence of ethical codes and begin to examine the essential factors leading to the effective establishment
of CSR policies and sustainable business practices in corporate culture. 相似文献
993.
This study examines the moderating effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the association between market orientation
and firm performance in the context of an emerging economy. The results from a sample of firms that operate in Dubai indicate
that CSR has a synergistic effect on the impact of market orientation on business performance. The results of our research
on the moderating effects of CSR on market orientation subsets reveal that although CSR moderates the association between
customer orientation and business performance, it does not moderate the association between competitive orientation and inter-functional
coordination and performance. The results of this study are discussed, and implications for practitioners and researchers
are presented. 相似文献
994.
995.
The Global Economic Ethic Manifesto (“Manifesto”) is a moral framework/code of conduct which is both interactive and interdependent
with the economic function of the main institutions of the economic system: markets, governments, civil society, and supranational
organizations, which lays out a common fundamental vision of what is legitimate, just, and fair in economic activities. The
Manifesto includes five universally accepted principles and values: the principle of humanity; the basic values of non-violence
and respect for life; the basic values of justice and humanity; the basic values of honesty and tolerance; and the basic values
of mutual esteem and partnership. We posit that the Manifesto provides an ethical foundation for explicitly assisting multinational
enterprise's (“MNE”) executive management and boards of directors to meet the moral failures criticisms associated with the
expansion of global capitalism, and similarly how the U.N. Global Compact (“Compact”) is focused on addressing complimentary
market and institutional failures. In this article, we argue how the Compact and the Manifesto complement each other, explaining
how the policies and guidelines of the Compact can now be implemented at the organizational/individual level through a comprehensive
human resource management (HRM) plan supporting the ethical framework of the Manifesto. Finally, we have described how the
Manifesto completes a comprehensive managerial framework (consisting of both the Compact and the Manifesto) for what we term
an “MNE Moral Values-Based Corporate Governance Model.” Ultimately, further research is needed in understanding how much impact
external and internal influences make on creating a sustainable ethical culture in MNEs. 相似文献
996.
The moral ideology of banking and insurance employees in Spain was examined along with supervisor role modeling and ethics-related
policies and procedures for their association with ethical behavioral intent. In addition to main effects, we found evidence
supporting that the person–situation interactionist perspective in supervisor role modeling had a stronger positive relationship
with ethical intention among employees with relativist moral ideology. Also as hypothesized, formal ethical polices and procedures
were positively related to ethical intention among those with universal beliefs, but the relationship was much weaker among
relativists. Thus, firms wishing to optimally promote ethical attitudes and behavior must tailor their organization-based
initiatives to the individual characteristics of their employees. 相似文献
997.
CSR and Service Brand: The Mediating Effect of Brand Identification and Moderating Effect of Service Quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article examines the mediation effect of brand identification and the moderating effect of service quality (SQ) on the
effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) association on service brand performance. A survey of customers of mobile
telecommunications services was conducted. The study finds, first, that both CSR and SQ have direct effects on brand identification
and customer satisfaction and indirect effects on customer satisfaction (via brand identification) and on service brand loyalty
(via customer satisfaction and via “brand identification/customer satisfaction”). Second, SQ enhances the effect of CSR on
brand identification. This study contributes to the literature by incorporating three perspectives of service brand performance
– CSR association, SQ, and brand identification – into one general framework that stresses (a) the mediating role of brand
identification in predicting customer satisfaction and service brand loyalty; and (b) the interactive effect of CSR and SQ
in predicting brand identification. 相似文献
998.
We investigate the performance and risk of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) equity funds in the Australian market and
find no significant difference between the returns of SRI and conventional funds. In an extension to prior literature, we
examine the impact of the number of positive, negative and total screens funds impose on performance and risk. We find little
evidence of positive or negative screening impacting total return, but find weak evidence that funds with more screens overall
provide better risk-adjusted performance. Positive screening significantly reduces funds’ risk. However, negative screening
significantly increases risk and reduces funds’ abilities to form diversified portfolios. 相似文献
999.
For many years, researchers and practitioners have sought out meaningful indicators of sales performance. Yet, as the concept
of performance has broadened, the understanding of what makes up a successful seller, has become far more complicated. The
complexity of buyer–seller relationships has changed therefore as the definition of sales performance has expanded, cultivating
a growing interest in ethical/unethical actions since they could potentially have impacts on sales performance. Given this
environment, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of moral judgment on sales performance and sellers engaging
in a customer-oriented selling approach. Specifically, by utilizing a sample of 345 business-to-business salespeople, this
study examines the relationships between moral judgment, customer-oriented selling, and outcome and behavior based performance.
Results, managerial implications, and opportunities for future research are provided. 相似文献
1000.
The Impact of Ethical Ideologies,Moral Intensity,and Social Context on Sales-Based Ethical Reasoning
Previous research indicates that ethical ideologies, issue-contingencies, and social context can impact ethical reasoning
in different business situations. However, the manner in which these constructs work together to shape different steps of
the ethical decision-making process is not always clear. The purpose of this study was to address these issues by exploring
the influence of idealism and relativism, perceived moral intensity in a decision-making situation, and social context on
the recognition of an ethical issue and ethical intention. Utilizing a sales-based scenario and multiple ethics measures included
on a self-report questionnaire, data were collected from a regional sample of business students, most of whom had modest work
experience. The results indicated that perceived moral intensity was associated with increased ethical issue recognition and
ethical intention. Idealism was also associated with increased ethical issue recognition, and relativism was associated with
decreased ethical intention. Social consensus was positively related to ethical issue recognition and intention, while competitive
context was inversely related to ethical intention. Finally, ethical issue recognition was associated with increased ethical
intention. Idealism, moral intensity, social consensus, and work experience worked together as predictors of ethical issue
recognition, whereas recognition of an ethical issue, relativism, moral intensity, social consensus, and competitive context
worked together to predict ethical intention. 相似文献