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101.
102.
This paper formalizes the commonsensical hypothesis that resource scarcity causes a large allocation of time and effort to appropriative competition. Our main innovation is to model explicitly the positive intertemporal effect of consumption on the probability of survival. The critical assumption is that this effect becomes stronger as resources become scarcer. We also show that anticipated future resource abundance increases the incremental value of survival and, consequently, amplifies the current allocation of time and effort to appropriative competition. Interestingly, if resources are currently scarce, then larger anticipated future abundance can cause a big enough increase in the time and effort allocated to appropriative competition to result in a decrease in the sum of current and expected future utility, a “paradox of anticipated abundance”. 相似文献
103.
104.
A bilinear multivariate errors-in-variables model is considered. It corresponds to an overdetermined set of linear equations
AXB=C, A∈ℝm×n, B∈ℝp×q, in which the data A, B, C are perturbed by errors. The total least squares estimator is inconsistent in this case.
An adjusted least squares estimator is constructed, which converges to the true value X, as m →∞, q →∞. A small sample modification of the estimator is presented,
which is more stable for small m and q and is asymptotically equivalent to the adjusted least squares estimator. The theoretical
results are confirmed by a simulation study.
Acknowledgements. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and corrections.? A. Kukush is supported by a postdoctoral research
fellowship of the Belgian office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, promoting Scientific and Technical Collaboration
with Central and Eastern Europe.? S. Van Huffel is a full professor with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.? I. Markovsky
is a research assistant with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.? This paper presents research results of the Belgian Programme
on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (IUAP V-22), initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Minister's Office – Federal Office
for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs of the Concerted Research Action (GOA) projects of the Flemish Government MEFISTO-666
(Mathematical Engineering for Information and Communication Systems Technology), of the IDO/99/03 project (K.U. Leuven) “Predictive
computer models for medical classification problems using patient data and expert knowledge”, of the FWO projects G.0078.01,
G.0200.00, and G0.0270.02.? The scientific responsibility is assumed by its authors. 相似文献
105.
106.
Wayne H. Howard Robert W. Blake Thomas O. Knight C. Richard Shumway Michael A. Tomaszewski 《Agricultural Economics》1992,7(1):77-90
A method of combining survey data and Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) records to achieve low cost farm trials is presented. Farm trials and surveys of current practices and production responses are useful to identify yield gaps between expectations predicted from experimental findings and actual field results. Different management schemes can be ranked using subjective probabilities and stochastic dominance to enhance successful implementation of research findings and to increase the feedback between researchers, extension workers, and producers. A survey of current masitis control practices and expected milk yield response is the example. Combining survey results with DHIA records allowed estimating the relationship between somatic cell counts (SCC) and milk yield. Eliciting beliefs about the relationship between SCC and milk yield showed that producers agreed with predictions from the statistical model. Subjective probabilities about SCC and mastitis control practices showed that our sample of experts and producers consistently ranked the different practices but extension agents had no consensus about the the most or least effective ones. 相似文献
107.
While conjoint analysis has been applied in a wide variety of different contexts in Marketing, most applications fail to explicitly consider retaliatory reactions from competitors. In this paper, a methodological extension is developed for conjoint analysis by explicitly modeling competition in a game theoretic context. The Nash equilibrium concept is employed to model competitive reactions to produce design, and its implications for reactive product strategies are discussed. The optimal product design problem for each firm is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem, which is solved via a specialized branch and bound method combined with a heuristic. In order to compute a Nash equilibrium, a sequential iterative procedure is proposed. The proposed procedure is illustrated under several scenarios of competition using previously published conjoint data.This research has been supported by the Henry Rutgers Research Fellowship, Rutgers University. 相似文献
108.
Deborah Cooper 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2003,7(4):310-318
The paper considers how people should plan their saving, given certain assumptions about inheritance and changes in household circumstances. The results are produced by a model that takes into account tax and state benefits as well as various private savings vehicles. It concludes that, for many households, saving for retirement through a ‘pension’ might not be optimum and that the best strategy is to vary the incidence and allocation of saving in response to changes in household circumstances. 相似文献
109.
Rapeeporn Srijumpa Mark Speece Himangshu Paul 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2002,6(3):240-253
Many financial services firms are offering the Internet as a self-service technology (SST), for online stock trading, in an effort to increase effciency and give customers greater access. It is important to understand how this technology will influence customer satisfaction. This paper reports results of exploratory research to identify sources of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the service encounter in Thai stockbrokerage firms. Results show that customers and service providers determine sources of customer dis/satisfaction differently, depending on whether the service encounter is technology-based or interpersonal. Different customer profiles give rise to segmentation in response to the use of Internet technology in this industry. 相似文献
110.
We provide specific qualifications in order that Kuhn–Tucker type Euler equations and transversality conditions at infinity
hold in stochastic equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents and where assets are traded in sequential markets. It is not
assumed that uncertainty is modeled as an event-tree structure or that preferences are necessarily bounded. We also describe
an important class of preferences based on bounded relative risk aversion which yields relevant simplifications. Our results
are used to establish conditions that rule out asset pricing bubbles. Specific examples of economies with bubbles are also
discussed.
Received: 28 January 2002 / Accepted: 19 July 2002
We are grateful to the editor and an anonymous referee for their valuable comments. This research was partially supported
by MURST (Italy), National Group on “Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Models in Economics and Finance”. 相似文献