Fallstrick Hygienefehler

Wenn sich die Beweislast umkehrt - Schlampt das Pflegepersonal in punkto Hygiene muss das Krankenhaus dafür juristisch geradestehen. Unter Umst?nden kehrt sich bei Schadenersatz klagen die Beweislast jedoch um – zum Nachteil des Krankenhaustr?gers.     

论会计集中核算下的货币资金管理

文章探讨了会计集中核算模式下,克服模式运行的局限,对如何对集中的代为保管的货币资金进行管理,提出一些看法.     

Pricing multi-class network services using the Shapley Value

This paper investigates pricing issues in class-based networks. Classes of packets having lower impatience and longer average delay receive monetary compensations. The inter-class price differential is determined by the inter-class compensations. The paper also presents rules for allocating network resource to each class. The corresponding payoff (disutility share) for each class is driven by the Shapley Value of the associated cooperative game.     

Pricing Policy and Partial Collusion

We study the pricing policy equilibria emerging in a partial collusion duopolistic framework where firms in the first stage of the game choose non-cooperatively the pricing strategy (perfect price discrimination or uniform pricing), and from the second stage onward collude on prices. We show that for intermediate discount factors and high firms’ asymmetry, the unique equilibrium is characterized by only the smaller firm choosing price discrimination. In the case of intermediate discount factors and low firms’ asymmetry, there are two possible equilibria: both firms price discriminate or no firm price discriminates. When the discount factor is particularly high or particularly low both firms price discriminate in equilibrium.     

论企业创新思维体系的构建

企业面对激烈的竞争,创新显得尤为重要.而企业创新思维体系的构建能够为企业长久、高效地创新提供必要的保障.本文认为,构建企业的创新思维体系的路径主要在于领导要有创新意识、企业确立创新目标、企业要形成鼓励创新的文化、营造创新的环境,并要建立创新评估体系和保障创新的制度.     

震荡油价走势推断模型的确立

本文用随机过程理论对震荡期油价序列进行了讨论,证实其为马尔柯夫链,并以马尔柯夫链的极限概率为依据,建立了油价序列的中长期推断模型。进而文章又对该序列进行了概率分布检验,证实对数正态分布是其经验分布的最佳拟合,并以此作为依据建立了油价走势的近期推断模型。文章指出,将这二者结合起来,构成油价时间序列由近期到中长期的一个完整的推断模型。作者用此模型对油价走势所作的推断与油价实际走势是相吻合,证实了模型的可信性和实用性。此外,用此模型还揭示出今后可能出现新一轮的国际油价飙升期。     

The role of foreign direct investment in the host-country firm selection process: firm-level evidence from Slovenian manufacturing

This paper examines the role of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in firm selection processes in the Slovenian manufacturing sector in the 1994–2003 period. It adopts the firm dynamics framework that allows testing of selection effects directly by assessing the impact of foreign firms’ activity on the probability of exiting of local firms (crowding out). The results show that intra-industry productivity spillover effects offset only a minor part of the competition pressure which results from foreign firm entry, hence incumbent firms experience a drop in their survival probability upon a foreign firm’s entry within a particular industry. This result is driven by foreign firm entry of the greenfield type, as entry through the acquisition of existing firms has no significant effect. The strength of the crowding-out effect decreases with the incumbent firm’s export propensity. There is no significant evidence that inward FDI would stimulate the selection process through backward linkages in the upstream supplying industries, whereas foreign firms’ activity reduces the exit probability of downstream local customers (through forward linkages).     

The spatial effects of trade openness: a survey

This paper surveys the literature on the implications of trade liberalisation for intra-national economic geographies. Three results stand out. First, neither urban systems models nor new economic geography models imply a robust prediction for the impact of trade openness on spatial concentration. Whether trade promotes concentration or dispersion depends on subtle modelling choices among which it is impossible to adjudicate a priori. Second, empirical evidence mirrors the theoretical indeterminacy: a majority of cross-country studies find no significant effect of openness on urban concentration or regional inequality. Third, the available models predict that, other things equal, regions with inherently less costly access to foreign markets, such as border or port regions, stand to reap the largest gains from trade liberalisation. This prediction is confirmed by the available evidence. Whether trade liberalisation raises or lowers regional inequality therefore depends on each country’s specific geography.     

Not all trade restrictions are created equally

There has been great focus in the recent trade theory literature on the introduction of firm heterogeneity into trade models. This introduction has highlighted the importance of the entry/exit decision of firms in response to changes in trade barriers. However, it is typical in many of these models to use iceberg transport costs as a general form of trade barriers that can be interchangeable with ad valorem tariffs. I show that this is not always an appropriate conclusion. Specifically, I illustrate that profit for an exporter is more elastic in response to tariffs than iceberg transport costs, which affects the entry/exit decision of firms. This has implications for welfare analysis and empirical specifications.