Betreuungsrecht: Hier hakt’s

Zusammenfassung  Vollmacht oder Rechtliche Betreuung — Wenn Menschen aufgrund einer psychischen Krankheit oder einer k?rperlichen, geistigen oder seelischen Behinderung nicht mehr in der Lage sind, ihre pers?nlichen Angelegenheiten zu regeln, ben?tigen sie eine Person, die diese Aufgaben für sie übernimmt. Existiert keine Vorsorgevollmacht, bestellt das Vormundschaftsgericht auf Antrag oder von Amts wegen einen Rechtlichen Betreuer.     

Russia’s foreign trade and the economic reforms

The Russian Federation now faces a totally new beginning as regards the shaping of its foreign trade relations. The demands made upon its external economic policy by the changes in the political and economic systems on the one hand and the collapse of the formerly unified economic zone of the Soviet Union on the other are so great that, in many respects, consistent answers have yet to be found. To what extent has the Russian government so far succeeded in developing a new foreign trade regime?     

The effect of working time preferences and fair wage perceptions on entrepreneurial intentions among employees

To date, little is known about how working time preferences and fair wage perceptions affect employees’ entrepreneurial intentions. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we provide first evidence that the difference between the actual and desired amount of working hours in paid employment is positively related to the propensity to switch to self-employment. Furthermore, our analysis supports the hypothesis that employees who perceive their current wage level as very unfair are more likely to have higher entrepreneurial intentions. However, the closer actual wages get to the wage levels perceived as fair, the more employees are likely to remain in their current employment situation. We also tested the interaction effect of working time preferences and fair wage perceptions. In line with our theoretical considerations, we find that employees who perceive their wages as unfair and, simultaneously, prefer different work hours have the strongest entrepreneurial intentions.     

Auswirkungen einer Lohnsteuerzerlegung nach Arbeitsort im Länderfinanzausgleich

In Germany the payroll tax revenue owed to the federal states is distributed exclusively according to the taxpayer’s residence. Many finance experts have long called for this revenue to be distributed at least partially based on the location where the work was done. Model calculations to estimate the financial consequences of such a redesign of the payroll tax distribution should be a useful contribution to the current negotiations on the reorganisation of federal-state financial relations in Germany.     

Beyond survival: the implementation of new forms of work organization in the UK and German steel industries

This paper outlines and analyses the major changes in work-force organization that have been introduced by British and German steel producers in the past decade, against a backcloth of retrenchment in the industry, new product development and technological change. Including multiskilling, a reduction in demarcation and team–working, these changes have had a major effect upon the composition of the work–force and the nature of work undertaken at the shopfloor level.

While these changes have had a common broad trajectory, they have been introduced at a different pace and in different forms. The contrasts are provided not only at the international level, but between plants in the same countries. The paper further outlines the response of trade unions to these changes and the implications for industrial relations at the shopfloor level.     

Verlust der Zahnprothese – wer zahlt?

Haftung für Patienteneigentum - Im Krankenhaus oder Pflegeheim ist es unver meidbar, dass auch einmal pers?nliche Gegenst?nde von Patienten verloren gehen. Doch wer haftet eigentlich für verschwundene Zahnprothesen, Brillen und Co.?     

Sources of productivity growth: an empirical analysis with German sectoral data

Many theoretical analyses of the sources of economic growth focus on knowledge spillovers and scale economies to explain growth endogenously. The contribution of this paper is to shed some light on these arguments by an empirical investigation based on a production function framework. Sectoral production functions are estimated with annual German data of 51 sectors from 1960–90. The estimates reveal that both a pure Solow growth model and a Solow model augmented with human capital cannot account for the observed productivity increases. The model should be extended by allowing for inter-industry spillovers and scale economies at the aggregate level, as well as for scale economies associated with human capital at the sectoral level. The business cycle affects observed productivity changes in the short run and in the long run.     

Distortion Risk Measures and Economic Capital

Abstract

To provide incentive for active risk management, it is argued that a sound coherent distortion risk measure should preserve some higher degree stop-loss orders, at least the degree-three convex order. Such risk measures are called tail-preserving risk measures. It is shown that, under some common axioms and other plausible conditions, a tail-preserving coherent distortion risk measure identifies necessarily with the Wang right-tail measure or the expected value measure. This main result is applied to derive an optimal economic capital formula.