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91.
We conduct a unique test of adverse selection in the equity issuance process. While common stock is the dominant means of payment in bank mergers, stock acquisition agreements provide target shareholders with varying degrees of protection against adverse price movements in the bidder's stock between the time of the merger agreement and the time of merger completion. We show that it is the degree of protection against adverse price changes and not the percent of stock offered in a bank merger that explains bidder merger announcement abnormal returns. This result is difficult to explain outside of an adverse selection framework. 相似文献
92.
F. Di Pace 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》2012,36(2):183-200
We extend the standard textbook search and matching model by introducing deep habits in consumption. This assumption generates amplification in the response of labour market variables to technology shocks by producing endogenous countercyclical mark-ups. The cyclical fluctuations of vacancies and unemployment in our model can replicate those observed in the US data, with labour market tightness being 20 times more volatile than consumption. Vacancies display a hump-shaped response to technology shocks and the numerical simulations generate an artificial Beveridge curve that is in line with the data. Our model preserves the assumption of fully flexible wages for new hires and the calibration is consistent with the estimated elasticity of unemployment to unemployment benefits. Finally, we show that in contrast to models with exogenous mark-up shocks, the deep habits model does not require an implausible variation in the elasticity of demand to match the volatility of labour market variables, and the cyclical properties of the mark-up are in line with empirical evidence. 相似文献
93.
94.
Fernanda T. M. Martins João F. Mitre Geraldo de S. Ferreira 《Process Safety Progress》2020,39(1):e12093
Although biodiesel is considered a safe substance for the environment, its production can be dangerous because it involves flammable and toxic substances, such as methanol. In addition to the risks associated with fire and explosions, methanol also implies a risk to the health of workers who are constantly inhaling this product, even in low concentrations. Despite all the associated risks, most Brazilian industries produce biodiesel from methanol. Aiming to find an alternative to make the production process of biodiesel safer, several research studies were carried out in which the advantages and disadvantages of methanol substitution for ethanol were raised. From there, it was found that the biggest advantage is actually making the production process safer. However, it has been found that this proposal is still not feasible because the production of biodiesel by an ethyl route raises the cost of production considerably. In view of the foregoing, it was concluded that the alternative presented is only feasible through measures that compensate for the increase in costs, such as fiscal incentives. 相似文献
95.
Why are some places more entrepreneurial than others? We use Census Bureau data to study local determinants of manufacturing startups across cities and industries. Demographics have limited explanatory power. Overall levels of local customers and suppliers are only modestly important, but new entrants seem particularly drawn to areas with many smaller suppliers, as suggested by Chinitz (1961) . Abundant workers in relevant occupations also strongly predict entry. These forces plus city and industry fixed effects explain between 60% and 80% of manufacturing entry. We use spatial distributions of natural cost advantages to address partially endogeneity concerns. 相似文献
96.
Peter K. Mackie Rosemary D.F. Bromley Alison M.B. Brown 《International journal of urban and regional research》2014,38(5):1884-1903
Informal trading in the global South, particularly in Latin America, is the subject of revanchist urban policy and yet few studies have examined the longer‐term impacts of such intolerant policies on traders. This article explores the evolution and impacts of revanchist policies directed at informal traders in the Andean city of Cusco. It makes two key contributions. First, it documents a shift from early revanchist policies to a post‐revanchist era where policies have become more tolerant of informal traders. However, contemporary policies fall short of a supportive environment for informal trading, hence the authors recommend changes that will ensure informal traders can access the city's streets and become an accepted part of the urban fabric. Second, given the lack of theoretical attention given to the impacts of revanchism, a battlegrounds framework is developed, consisting of spatial, political, economic and socio‐cultural battlegrounds. This framework provides a comprehensive insight into the complex set of interactions that exist between informal traders and the state. It is hoped that the framework will provide a tool for further research into the highly damaging impacts of revanchism across the globe. 相似文献
97.
Christoph Böhringer Brita Bye Taran Fæhn Knut Einar Rosendahl 《The Canadian journal of economics》2017,50(2):426-455
We investigate how, in an open economy, carbon taxes combined with output‐based rebating (OBR) perform in interaction with the carbon policies of a large neighbouring trading partner. Analytical results suggest that, whether the purpose of the OBR policy is to compensate firms for carbon tax burdens or to maximize welfare (accounting for global emission reductions), the OBR rate should be positive in policy‐relevant cases. Numerical simulations for Canada, with the US as the neighbouring trading partner, indicate that the impact of US policies on the OBR rate will depend crucially on the purpose of the Canadian OBR policies. If, for a given US carbon policy, Canada's aim is to restore the competitiveness of domestic emission‐intensive and trade‐exposed (EITE) firms to the same level as before the introduction of its own carbon taxation, we find that the necessary domestic OBR rates will be insensitive to the foreign carbon policies. However, if not only the Canadian carbon tax but also an equally high US tax is introduced, compensatory Canadian OBR rates will be up to 50% lower, depending on the sector and on US OBR policy. If the policy objective is to increase economy‐wide allocative efficiency (welfare) of Canadian policies by accounting for carbon leakage, the US policies will have only a minor downward pressure on desirable OBR rates in Canada. Practical choices of OBR rates hardly affect overall domestic economic performance; thus, output‐based rebating qualifies as an instrument for compensating EITE industries without a large sacrifice in terms of economy‐wide allocative efficiency. 相似文献
98.
We use a mean-variance approach to address the classic puzzle of British capital export in the 19th century. Our analysis
shows that foreign securities listed in London offered significant diversification benefits to British investors. In simple
terms, international diversification reduced risk. Conservative estimates of the optimal investment portfolio for a domestic
investor suggest that the balance between foreign and domestic security offerings on the London Exchange was close to what
classic equilibrium models of asset prices would suggest.
* We wish to thank Michael Edelstein for providing the data used in this analysis. We thank Colin Mayer (the Editor) and an
anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. We are thankful to Michael Edelstein for a thoughtful discussion at
the 2006 meeting of the Economic History Association at the Annual ASSA Meeting in Boston. We thank participants in the Economics
seminar at the University of Edinburgh, and the participant of the 2006 ASSA Meeting for their input. 相似文献
99.
100.
Marilyn G.F. Kuntz Giovanna M.R. Fiates Evanilda Teixeira 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2012,36(1):38-43
Children do not choose what to eat based on health issues alone, and the high availability of non‐nutritious food in the environment can be a barrier to the consumption of healthy foods. Brazilian children are consuming processed, savoury, rich in fat, sodium and refined carbohydrates rather than more nutrient‐dense foods. Foods offered in public school meals and those sold in private school canteens in Brazil are subject to regulation, but not the snacks brought from home. This study identified the suggestions of public and private school students about the characteristics that a snack should present in order to be considered both healthy and palatable. A qualitative exploratory study using focus groups was conducted with 128 primary school students aged 7–10 years old. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was conducted, generating three categories: (1) foods actually consumed during snack breaks; (2) examples of foods considered healthy and/or tasty for consumption during snack breaks; and (3) desired characteristics of a healthy and tasty snack. Foods of high energy density and low nutritional value were mentioned as the most consumed snacks, usually brought from home or purchased within/near the schools. Consumption of meals offered by the National School Meal Program was reported by only one‐third of the public school students. Fruits, natural juices and vegetables were considered healthy foods; sweet‐tasting preparations containing fruits were considered tasty; while fruits and natural fruit juices were considered both healthy and tasty. Sweet‐tasting preparations containing fruits were mentioned as examples of snacks with the desired healthy/tasty characteristics. The disparity between what was actually consumed and what was reported as ideal leads us to question the availability in retail stores of healthy yet palatable foods that meet this population's desires. 相似文献