The core‐peripheral structure of international knowledge flows: evidence from patent citation data

The importance of knowledge diffusion and external knowledge is generally acknowledged for their vital role to innovation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the international knowledge diffusion structure and its evolution using patent citation networks for three periods. The analyses are carried out from overall, active cluster as well as individual connection perspectives with the help of measures from social network analysis. Results show an obvious core‐peripheral structure of international knowledge diffusion. Most of the flows happen within core group. Knowledge flows between core and peripheral numbers also widely exist but not strong, while the flows among peripheral numbers are both sparse and weak. Significant improvements widely exist among Asian countries and regions according to their knowledge absorption and influence capacities, and Chinese Taiwan and South Korea are the most outstanding new stars among them with worthwhile experiences for other catch‐ups. It also suggests that BRICS and South–South knowledge linkages play an increased role in developing and emerging economy innovation systems as they gain momentum.     

项目组合选择研究：基于模糊理论的模型建构及验证

项目组合的选定与企业经营息息相关,然而传统的选择方法存在许多限制。本文应用模糊理论建构一个项目组合的决策模型,模型中纳入了成本、利润及风险等3个决策因子,探讨在资源有限的情况下项目成本及获利的交互影响关系,并利用模糊归属函数建构一个数学规划模型。为了验证模型的有效性,用此模型与传统模型进行求解比较,证实了所提出模型的实用性。     

供给侧改革中的人力资本结构优化研究

本文用受教育水平的差异来表示人力资本的结构。利用2004～2014年中国省级区域的数据,依次对每一年影响经济增长的人力资本和物质资本数据进行逐步回归。结果表明,教育水平不同的人力资本对经济增长的作用是不同的。2009年之前,高中学历人力资本是模型中解释度较好的人力资本。从2009年开始,对经济增长起明显促进作用的是大专及以上学历人力资本。在大专及以上学历人力资本成为经济增长的主要人力资本动力的同时,物质资本对经济增长的重要性在降低。对2009年之后的数据进行Malmquist指数测算,发现部分省级区域的全要素生产率有所下降。不同省级区域根据自身情况进行人力资本的结构优化。     

Implementing high performance HR practices in Asia: HR practice consistency,employee roles,and performance

High performance HR (human resources) practices are well understood to positively impact employee behavior and performance. However, much is still not known about the implementation of effective HR practices and their specific impact on employee behaviors. In this regard, this study identifies the significance of HR practice consistency, develops direct measures of that consistency, and examines the impact on employee role performance. This study also explores how consistency affects shared perceptions of procedural justice and employees’ role performance by employing a cross-level research design. The data in the study were collected from 355 employees of 42 companies within the manufacturing and service industries in Taiwan. This study makes theoretical and methodological contributions by identifying the significance of HR practice consistency, and provides empirical evidences for its potential influences. It also offers practical suggestions that can be used as important reference points by organizations, particularly those in Asia seeking to implement high performance HR practices.     

Exploring the learning problems and resource usage of undergraduate industrial design students in design studio courses

Design is a powerful weapon for modern companies so it is important to have excellent designers in the industry. The purpose of this study is to explore the learning problems and the resources that students use to overcome problems in undergraduate industrial design studio courses. A survey with open-type questions was conducted to collect data. Participants in this study were 189 undergraduate industrial design students from three universities, and two coding schema were formulated for analysing the data. The results demonstrated that the most difficult design tasks included concept generation, design presentation, and design research. The learning resources used to solve the learning problems included four categories: people, object, method, and environment. This information will increase the understanding of the learning process of students and provide a reference for teaching and the setting of learning resources in industrial design education.     

政府支出的构成、宏观经济波动与社会福利——基于动态随机一般均衡的视角

基于包含政府支出不同构成成分的NK-DSGE模型,本文对政府支出不同构成成分的宏观经济效应以及社会福利效应进行了分析。结果表明：（1）生产性政府支出对于产出具有最大且持续性最强的冲击效应,并且对于消费具有“挤入效应”;（2）相对而言,教育和医疗等对于私人消费具有完全替代性的政府支出对于私人消费具有最大且持续性最强的冲击效应;（3）相对而言,生产性政府支出冲击引起了最大的社会福利损失,而教育和医疗等对于私人消费具有完全替代性的政府支出冲击引起的社会福利损失则相对较小。由于我国政府偏好于生产性政府支出,因而本文的研究结论表明,在当前内需不足的背景下,增加教育和医疗等对于私人消费具有完全替代性的政府支出有利于促进消费、拉动内需,并且这一方面政府支出的增加也有利于降低政策引起的社会福利损失。     

对彩票设计方式改变的经济分析

1987年6月3日,国务院正式批准成立中国社会福利有奖募捐委员会,作为负责整个有奖募捐活动的社会团体。1987年7月27日,第一张中国福利彩票在河北省石家庄市售出,它标志着彩票走出“禁区”,在新的历史条件下应运而生。 由不知彩票为何物,到彩票遍地开花;从几百万的年销售额到60亿的年销售额;从彩票种类单一到传统型、即开型、电脑型三大类几十个品种;从从业人员数百人到从业人员达数万之众,新中国彩票业走过仅仅10年时间!从1987年到1997年这短短的10年时间里,中国福利彩票本着“扶老、助残、救孤、济困”的原则,在全国共销售252亿多元,筹集社会福利资金73.7亿     

我国国债的投资价值分析

我国1988年开始逐步允许无记名国债上市后,1994年后又推出了记账式国债上市。记账式国债是通过交易所电脑网络发行的国债品种,发行成本较低,不会发生债券遗失、被窃与伪造,是90年代中期以后我国的主要国债上市品种之一。在投资价值上,上市国债有以下特点: 第一,上市国债发行的年复利率既高于相应期限定期存款的年复利率,也高于不上市凭证式国债的年复利率。表1给出了1994～1997年上市国债与相应期限定期存款年复利率的     

利率服从跳-扩散过程的期权定价

当无风险利率为时间的已知函数或随机变量时,欧氏股票期权定价的Black—Scholes公式应该修正,通常设定无风险利率等于一种与期权同时到期的无风险证券的利率,而不是当前瞬间利率。 Merton考虑了利率是随机变量时的期权定价模型。定义B(t)为与期权同时到期且到期支付给持有人$1的贴现债券的价值。Merton假设B遵循下面的随机微分方程:     

中国风险投资发展现状与存在的问题

本文通过对 80年代中期以来中国风险投资发展历程的回顾总结后认为 ,中国虽然已经初步形成了以科技风险投资公司、高新技术产业发展基金和境外风险投资基金为主的风险投资体系 ,但总体来看 ,仍然处于初始探索阶段。中国风险投资发展面临缺乏退出渠道、缺乏人才、缺乏中介服务机构以及现行政策限制、参与者过于单一、政府定位不准等等问题。为了促进风险投资健康发展 ,下一步应该及时推出有关法律法规、为风险投资发展扫除障碍 ,抓紧建立包括股票上市在内的风险投资退出机制 ,并积极发展中外合作风险投资基金和基金管理公司