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61.
Reuven R. Levary PhD 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》2011,53(4):529-537
The characteristics of the medical tourism industry are described. Multiple criteria are used to evaluate several popular medical tourism destinations. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is shown to be the appropriate methodology for evaluating and ranking medical tourism destinations because it can incorporate input from multiple decision makers as well as handle both tangible and intangible criteria. The ranking of medical tourism destinations will enable administrators at companies that specialize in arranging the logistics of obtaining medical care at foreign facilities to better advise patients regarding their choice of medical tourism destinations. This will result in patients who are more satisfied with their choice of a foreign medical facility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
62.
PhD Clive Lennox 《Accounting & Business Research》2013,43(3):217-227
Theoretical research suggests that large auditors have more incentive to issue accurate reports compared to small auditors (DeAngelo, 1981; Dye, 1993). Controlling for the client characteristics of large and small auditors, this paper shows that large auditors issue reports that are more accurate and more informative signals of financial distress. These findings are consistent with the theoretical prediction of a positive relationship between auditor size and auditor accuracy. 相似文献
63.
Abstract This paper investigates the valuation of discrete dynamic fund protection (DFP) under Levy processes. Specifically, the analytical solution of discrete DFP under Lévy processes is obtained in terms of Fourier transforms. The derivation uses Spitzer’s formula and leads to a recursion on computing the characteristic function of the maximum protection-to-fund ratio using the Fourier inversion. DFP can then be valued efficiently and accurately via the fast Fourier transform. The pricing behavior of the discrete DFP is numerically examined using several Levy processes, such as geometric Brownian motion, jump-diffusion models, and variance gamma process. Numerical experiments confirm that the proposed approach produces highly accurate discrete DFP values within 1 second. 相似文献
64.
Abstract What types of households own life insurance? Who owns term life and who owns whole life insurance? These are questions of great interest to insurers that operate in a highly competitive market. To answer these questions, we jointly examine household demand of two types of insurance, term and whole life, using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, a probability sample of the U.S. population. We model both the frequency and the severity of demand for insurance, building on the work of Lin and Grace by using explanatory variables that they developed. For the frequency portion, the household decisions about whether to own term and whole life insurance are modeled simultaneously with a bivariate probit regression model. Given ownership of life insurance by a household, the amounts of insurance are analyzed using generalized linear models with a normal copula. The copula permits the bivariate modeling of insurance amounts for households who own both term and whole life insurance, about 20% of our sample. These models allow analysts to predict who owns life insurance and how much they own, an important input to the marketing process. Moreover, our findings suggest that household demand for term and whole life insurance is jointly determined. After controlling for explanatory variables, there exists a negative relationship for a household’s decision to own both whole and term life insurance (the frequency part) and a positive relationship for the amount of insurance purchased (the severity part). This indicates that the greater the probability of holding one type, the smaller the probability of holding the other type of life insurance. However, higher demand for both types of insurance exists when a household decides to own both. This mixed effect extends prior work that established a negative relationship, suggesting that term life insurance and whole life insurance are substitutes for one another. In contrast, our findings reveal that the ownership decision involves substitution, but, for households owning both types of insurance, amounts are positively related. Therefore, term and whole life insurance are substitutes in the frequency yet complements in the severity. 相似文献
65.
66.
Anatoliy I. Yashin ScD Konstantin G. Arbeev PhD Svetlana V. Ukraintseva PhD Igor Akushevich PhD Alexander Kulminski PhD 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(4):403-433
Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate dynamic properties of age trajectories of physiological indices and their effects on mortality risk and longevity using longitudinal data on more than 5,000 individuals collected in biennial examinations of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) original cohort during about 50 subsequent years of follow-up. We first performed empirical analyses of the FHS longitudinal data. We evaluated average age trajectories of indices describing physiological states for different groups of individuals and established their connections with mortality risk. These indices include body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse rate, level of blood glucose, hematocrit, and serum cholesterol. To be able to investigate dynamic mechanisms responsible for changes in the aging human organisms using available longitudinal data, we further developed a stochastic process model of human mortality and aging, by including in it the notions of “physiological norms,” “allostatic adaptation and allostatic load,” “stress resistance,” and other characteristics associated with the internal process of aging and the effects of external disturbances. In this model, the persistent deviation of physiological indices from their normal values contributes to an increase in morbidity and mortality risks. We used the stochastic process model in the statistical analyses of longitudinal FHS data. We found that different indices have different average age patterns and different dynamic properties. We also found that age trajectories of long-lived individuals differ from those of the shorter-lived members of the FHS original cohort for both sexes. Using methods of statistical modeling, we evaluated “normal” age trajectories of physiological indices and the dynamic effects of allostatic adaptation. The model allows for evaluating average patterns of aging-related decline in stress resistance. This effect is captured by the narrowing of the U-shaped mortality risk (considered a function of physiological state) with age. We showed that individual indices and their rates of change with age, as well as other measures of individual variability, manifested during the life course are important contributors to mortality risks. The advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed. 相似文献
67.
Massimo Costabile PhD Ivar Massabò Emilio Russo PhD 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(4):517-534
Abstract We consider the problem of computing the fair value of equity-linked policies with an interestrate guarantee when the insurer is subject to credit risk. The framework is developed based on modern financial theory using the no-arbitrage principle. In this context, an equity-linked policy is considered as a vulnerable contingent claim that expires before maturity if the firm asset value reaches a prespecified default threshold depending on the firm’s liabilities. We derive a closedform formula in a continuous-time environment to compute the fair value of the contract. We also develop a discrete-time model that allows us to address fair evaluation when the policy embeds a surrender option. 相似文献
68.
We investigate the geometry of finite datasets defined by equilibrium prices, income distributions, and total resources. We show that the equilibrium condition imposes no restrictions if total resources are collinear, a property that is robust to small perturbations. We also show that the set of equilibrium datasets is pathconnected when the equilibrium condition does impose restrictions on datasets, as for example when total resources are widely noncollinear. 相似文献
69.
Hui Peng PhD Postdoctoral program of scientific research Industrial Commercial Bank of China Yulu Chen Professor School of Finance Renmin University of China 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2005,(2)
I. NPL Asset Settlement in China’s State-Owned Banks Non-performing loans(NPLs)represent the most serious problem hindering China’sbankingsystem, especially the fourstate-owned banks (SOBs).According to statisticsfrom China’sBanking Regulatory Commission (CBRC), the banking system has accumulated NPLs tothevalueof3,158 billion RMB,whilethefourSOBsaccountedfor51 percentofthattotalbytheend of 2003 (seeTable 1). While the banking sector disposeslessthan 300 billion NPLevery year… 相似文献
70.
Yves Bourdet 《Review of Industrial Organization》1996,11(1):79-91
To what extent exchange rate variations are passed through into import prices has been on the research agenda over the past decade. Research efforts have focused on the very existence of pricing to market and on differences in pass-through behaviour between industries. Much less research has been devoted to the factors behind variations in pass-through behaviour within industries, and to changes in this behaviour over time. The change of exchange rate regime in Sweden in 1992 is used here to illustrate how the interaction between alternative exchange rate regimes, fixed and floating, and pricing behaviour affects pass-through behaviour. The study concentrates on the passenger car industry. 相似文献