对基于自由民主角度的分裂权利理论的简评

关于分裂权利的研究,一直是国际学界在分裂主义研究中重点关注的一个问题。许多西方学者基于自由民主的角度,对分裂权利的正义性进行辩护。这些为分裂权利进行辩护的理论大体可以分为自决权理论、基本权利理论和唯一补救权利理论三类。这些关于分裂权利正义性的论述对相关国家的反分裂工作造成了消极的影响,但中国学界未能发出自己的声音。虽然这些理论打着自由民主的旗号,但在理论上却是反自由、反民主的,而且在实践上也是矛盾和缺乏解释力的。同时,这些理论未能把握分裂主义的本质性要素,即领土的因素,无视这种单方的领土分裂诉求对所在国领土和主权完整乃至于国际秩序的冲击;它们也忽视了分裂主义常常表现出来的暴力性和恐怖性以及这种极端政治诉求对人权、和平与自由的践踏;在分裂主义的领土性和暴力性的挑战下,分裂并非解决民族冲突、保护少数权利的可行路径。     

Equity ownership and management control in Sino-foreign joint venture hotels

This article investigates the ownership-control relationship among China international joint ventures in the hotel industry. The findings indicate that equity ownership by foreign partners strongly affects their control over staffing and strategic management activities. This relationship is robust among hotels of different size and star ratings. However, these relationships, though they are not as strong as suggested, can be mediated by country effect. Foreign partners from Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan tend to acquire higher level of ownership and control on joint venture hotels in China, whereas foreign partners from the United States, Canada, and Europe are not.     

美国对华战略(1990-2004年)——基于国际冲突与合作网络的量化研究

作者利用相互依赖理论,在国际冲突与合作网络中提出了国家之间复合相互依赖的新度量和源于不对称复合相互依赖的四种国家权力(直接弱权、直接强权、间接弱权、间接强权)及其度量。根据对这些权力的定性及定量研究结果,作者阐明美国寻求建立自身优势主导地位的全球战略目标的实质是追求美国自身的网络地位和网络整体的秩序性,虽然1990-2004年间美国的全球战略取得了明显的实效,但其进一步发展却面临系统性困境:无法直接调控其他国家之间的关系和无法阻止他国在外交中实行低程度同配或异配。在此基础上,作者进一步从网络角度分析了全球战略大局下美国对华遏制与纳入的核心战略意图,阐明中国建立在独立自主的和平外交政策上的国际战略使美国对中国的遏制与纳入是困难的、效果是有限的。因此,从网络角度来看,大国战略竞争的本质是边权之争、权力三角之争,不同程度的同配性是大国战略竞争的手段和必然结果,而归根结底中美战略博弈的实质是生产力发展水平的竞争。     

An approach to the construction of indexes of technological change and of technological sophistication : The case of agricultural tractors

Two indicators of the output of technological innovation have been developed for the case of agricultural tractors. The tractor is a multicharacteristic product, and a fundamental problem in measuring its technological sophistication or technological change is to determine the relative weights of different characteristics. These relative weights have been approximated by the coefficients of a regression of tractor price with respect to tractor technical characteristics. The indicators developed allow one to measure technical change over time or the relative technical sophistication of different tractor models or tractor firms at a given moment. These indicators can be applied only to multicharacteristic products with easily quantifiable characteristics. However, products that satisfy these requirements account for a very large share of the market for industrial goods. These indicators can be useful in assessing the efficiency of R&D, in analyzing the influence of technological innovation on patterns of trade, and in determining the contribution of changes in the quality of capital goods employed to increases in industrial productivity.     

自适应LMS算法均方误差收敛的充分条件

本文给出了保证自适应最小均方算法均方误差(或平均功率)收敛的充分条件,并分析了在该条件下均方误差的收敛性能。     

Markets for Efficiency and Fairness

The allocation and distribution of resources by the state has failed to achieve the egalitarian ends socialists had predicted. Rosalind Levaćić, Lecturer in Economics at the Open University, outlines the advantages of the market in raising incomes and socio-economic status. Bureaucratic allocation should be replaced by personal purchasing power underpinned by redistributive taxation.     

What Profit in Teaching Economics?

The role of profit in stimulating entrepreneurial discovery is often misrepresented in economics teaching in schools at worst as capitalist greed and at best is usually ignored. David Parker, Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at the Polytechnic of Newcastle upon Tyne, considers the history of profit in economic analysis and calls for a fundamental re-appraisal of its importance.     

锁相技术在高频开关电源中的应用

本文介绍了锁相技术在电流控制两态调制技术的高频开关电源中的应用。开关电源整个控制环路相当于一个锁相环,这个环路不仅有锁相作用,而且还有调压作用。实验表明,这种高频开关电源有优良的性能。     

试析性别差异对军费开支的影响

随着女性就业和参政议政的比率日益增加,国际关系学者关注的一个问题就是,这一趋势对于国际关系领域的安全与合作有何影响?为了检验女性主义理论,作者进行了统计分析,发现性别因素的影响随着研究对象的不同而发生变化。对于世界大国,其军费开支基本不受性别因素的影响;但对于世界大国以外的其他国家,军费开支则在较大程度上受到性别因素的影响。女性主义的结论适用于大国之外的这类国家,女性就业率和女性议员比率可以解释这类国家的军费变化。但是对于世界不同地区,其结论又有所不同。在中东地区、亚洲、欧洲和北美地区,各国军费占政府开支的比率与该地区女性议员比率成反比。而女性的经济地位则并非如此,在中东这一女性地位相对低的地区,女性就业率对地区军费变化并没有显著影响;而在亚洲、欧洲和北美地区,其女性地位居于中等或较高位置的地区,各国军费占政府开支的比率与该地区女性就业率成反比。在分析和借鉴女性主义理论时需要考虑不同的研究对象与适用条件。     

Equal pay in Greece and Britain

A number of significant reforms for the improvement of the position of women in Greece ha ve taken place since the restoration of democracy in 1974. After a brief discussion of these changes the author examines their effects on Greek women's pay and compares them with the British case.