经营城市的约束因素分析

经营城市,是市场经济和企业管理理论相结合的产物。经营城市的理念是对原有城市管理行为的一次深刻变革,然而该理念却受到城市资源、管理体制、文化等因素的约束。本文从经营城市的基本原理出发,分析了制约经营城市行为的六大约束因素,并有针对性地提出应该从城市技术创新、城市规划、城市文化等方面加强改革力度,促进城市竞争力的提升。     

对网络环境下图书馆编目工作的再认识

本文对网络环境下编目工作发展的新形势、新理念进行了介绍与分析,并提出要建立新的编目工作体系以适应不断更新的新技术发展的要求。     

浅谈知识经济社会的高等职业教育特点

本文分析了知识经济社会的主要特点及其知识经济社会的教育内涵 ;并且结合德国“双元制”教学模式及其对我国高职教育的借鉴和启示 ,重点论述了知识经济社会的高等职业教育的特点和途径。     

Poverty,population and environmental degradation in China

This article examines the relationship between poverty, population, and environmental degradation in China. Environmental conditions include water pollution, deforestation, destruction of grasslands, soil erosion, and salinization. The authors review China's success in controlling environmental degradation through leadership, environmental policies, and institutional capacity. Findings suggest that environmental progress is best achieved indirectly by poverty alleviation, market integration, and population control. Government policies were not very effective. Degradation occurs due to limited financial resources, poorly trained personnel, and political factors. Control of water pollution was instituted since the 1980s. The levels of pollutants have been reduced, but the type of pollutant determines the seriousness of impact. Water pollution is due to industrial wastes, agricultural run-off, and soil erosion. Since the 1970s, reforestation targets have not been met. Technical extension and monitoring of planting is not available in most areas, and private, profit seeking interests control acreage. Grassland destruction is due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and overgrazing. Independent regional authorities have successfully managed pasture programs. Erosion is the most serious in Loess Plateau, the Red Soils area, the Northeast China Plain, and the Northwest Grasslands, which comprise 70% of total land area. In 1990, erosion control was practiced in 39% of eroded land area. Salinization has remained fairly constant. Environmental controls (direct regulation, planned recovery, and state-mandated technological improvements) are uneven. The main tool for environmental management is the State Environmental Protection Commission and its executive unit, SEPA. Problems stem from vague laws, lack of means of enforcement, lack of coordination of laws, and lack of standards, schedules, and other provisions in ordinances.     

How Often to Sample a Continuous-Time Process in the Presence of Market Microstructure Noise

In theory, the sum of squares of log returns sampled at highfrequency estimates their variance. When market microstructurenoise is present but unaccounted for, however, we show thatthe optimal sampling frequency is finite and derives its closed-formexpression. But even with optimal sampling, using say 5-minreturns when transactions are recorded every second, a vastamount of data is discarded, in contradiction to basic statisticalprinciples. We demonstrate that modeling the noise and usingall the data is a better solution, even if one misspecifiesthe noise distribution. So the answer is: sample as often aspossible.     

美国稳定价值基金探讨

稳定价值基金（Stable Value Fund）通过保证本金和累计利息达到避免净值波动和收益稳定的投资目标，实现货币市场基金高流动性和债券基金更高收益的最佳组合，为投资者提供稳定的投资价值。本文介绍了美国稳定价值基金的发展概况，分析了其运作机制、核心优势及其发展的历史原因，并对稳定价值基金与保本基金做了比较。     

明明白白话治理

治理(governance)已成为现代经济社会的一句口头禅。譬如会计师事务所治理,就是指一整套符合执业机构发展规律的权利安排、责任分工和约束机制。检视整个事务所治理链条,缺少合格的合伙人或领导人队伍无疑是其中最薄弱的一环。我国目前的合伙人构成大约有四种类型:——学者型。这类合伙人原来的身份主要为大学学者、机关企事业单位从事财会、审计工作的高管人员。他们通常具有较高的学历,有较深的理论功底,对新事物的脉动较为敏感。——商人型。这类合伙人只在乎“孔方兄”,名曰一切为了收费。什么“专业形象”,什么“职业操守”,什么“公众…     

审计期望差产生的经济学分析

本文运用经济学的供给和需求分析框架,结合信息经济学理论分析了审计需求和审计供给,剖析了两类审计期望差的成因,认为合理的期望差源于给定审计需求下的审计供给不足,而不合理的期望差源于信息不对称条件下的审计需求过度,提出审计理论上应提倡社会调查等实证研究方法,实务上应改进审计报告的披露内容,以期缩小审计期望差。     

油田井口防喷器产品用户满意度评价

顾客满意度（CSD）这一指标的测量和利用在现代企业的组织和生产中显得尤为重要。针对CSD测量结果存在主观多、客观少、定性多、定量少的缺点，提出采用多目标决策的对层分析法，并结合加权平均法，阐述油田井口防喷器满意度评价。     

规范经营发展之本

葛洲坝股份有限公司股票于1997年5月在上海证券交易所上市,是中国水电建设第一家上市公司.1998年7月,葛洲坝(600068)作为公用事业类样板股入选上海证券交易所"30指数".