Economic transition and gender differentials in wages and productivity: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises

We use firm-level data to analyze male–female wage differences in Chinese industry in the late 1990s. Our estimates indicate that employers' discrimination against women was not a significant source of the gender wage gap in Chinese state-owned enterprises. Instead, we find that the relative wage of unskilled female to male workers was higher than their relative productivity. This result indicates that unskilled female workers in the state sector had historically received wage premiums and consequently accounted for a disproportionate share of the sector's labor surplus.     

R & D税收激励有效性与影响因素

基于生产函数理论抽象出盈利能力和研发程度是R&D税收激励效应的两个关键因素,进而采用2012-2015年全国高新技术企业调查数据,分别检验了15%税率式优惠与研发加计扣除政策的有效性及其影响因素。实证结果表明：15%税率式优惠与加计扣除政策均能激励企业创新,而加计扣除激励效果显著优于15%税率式优惠;15%税率式优惠政策效应受企业盈利能力影响较大,而加计扣除政策受企业研发投入的作用较大;15%税率式优惠政策对高新制造业、服务业和文化产业创新激励效果不显著,而加计扣除对高新制造业和文化产业研发密集型行业创新具有显著的激励作用;15%税率式激励对成熟度较高企业创新具有较好的激励效应,而研发费用加计扣除政策对成熟度较低企业创新具有较强的促进作用。     

科技人才组织领地行为如何影响其离职意向

基于资源保存理论视角,以科技人才为研究对象,关注其组织领地行为对离职意向的影响机制,并探究心理所有权的中介作用、婚姻的调节作用以及婚姻与心理所有权共同产生的被调节的中介作用。建立基于科技人才婚姻情况与心理所有权的被调节的中介作用模型,运用问卷调查方法收集全国各地高新技术企业、高等院校、科研院所等科技人才共411份有效问卷,展开实证分析。结果表明：不考虑婚姻的调节作用时,科技人才组织领地行为对离职意向的直接影响不显著,心理所有权对这种直接影响也无中介作用;考虑到婚姻的调节作用,未婚群体的组织领地行为越强,离职意向越强烈;在被调节的中介作用模型中,婚姻状况在心理所有权对组织领地行为与离职意向间的中介作用起到了调节作用,具体表现为未婚群体组织领地行为通过组织心理所有权的部分中介作用负向影响离职意向,通过直接影响机制正向影响离职意向。     

交互效应视角下政府补助、内部资源与创新绩效关系研究

以我国战略性新兴产业上市企业为研究对象,构建包含政府补助、内部资源和企业创新绩效的创新系统。建立PVAR模型,通过脉冲响应和方差分解等方法分析系统要素间的动态交互作用。研究结果表明：在企业创新系统内,创新资源促进企业创新绩效提升的效果最显著,政府补助次之,政治资源最弱;进一步探究发现,创新绩效能够实现对内部资源的积极反馈,该反馈作用是快速响应的。此外,企业资源和创新绩效冲击对政府补助的影响程度很小,本期政府补助主要受到自身波动的影响。     

创新方法应用影响因素研究评述与展望

在澄清创新方法概念的基础上,通过筛选研究文献,应用CiteSpace Ⅲ分析了国外创新方法研究的总体特征与规律、学科分布、热点主题及演化脉络,着重剖析了创新方法的前因影响变量与结果变量,结合科技接受理论,构建了以创新者信任与感知为创新方法中介变量的作用机制模型。最后结合研究不足,提出未来研究展望。     

高质量发展下中国产业转型升级方向研究

产业不断转型升级是实现经济高质量发展的关键,从数量和质量两个维度可以总结出其具体路径。选取1985-2017年中国年度数据和1960-2017年美国年度数据,运用向量自回归模型对广义和狭义产业结构以及经济增长间的动态关系进行分析。结果表明,中美之间产业转型升级对经济发展的影响存在差异,据此可以得出高质量发展下中国产业转型升级方向,即拓展并细化产业转型升级维度;注重不同产业间的配比,尤其是生产性服务业和制造业配比;重视并确立制造业的根本地位;提升我国经济外向型程度。     

Volatility forecasting: long memory,regime switching and heteroscedasticity

In this article, we account for the first time for long memory, regime switching and the conditional time-varying volatility of volatility (heteroscedasticity) to model and forecast market volatility using the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV) and its extensions. We present several interesting and notable findings. First, existing models exhibit significant nonlinearity and clustering, which provide empirical evidence on the benefit of introducing regime switching and heteroscedasticity. Second, out-of-sample results indicate that combining regime switching and heteroscedasticity can substantially improve predictive power from a statistical viewpoint. More specifically, our proposed models generally exhibit higher forecasting accuracy. Third, these results are widely consistent across a variety of robustness tests such as different forecasting windows, forecasting models, realized measures, and stock markets. Consequently, this study sheds new light on forecasting future volatility.     

Does economic growth and energy consumption drive environmental degradation in China’s 31 provinces? New evidence from a spatial econometric perspective

The panel data analysis points to economic and social factors contributing to NO_x, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, and VOCs in China’s 31 provinces. The spatial correlation analysis using Global and Local Moran’s I values indicates the existence of a significant and positive spatial autocorrelation with respect to environment, economy and energy, and the high spatial correlation is evident in the eastern region, covering the northern part of Yangtze River Delta, Huaihai Economic Zone, and the lower reaches of the Yellow River Economic Belt. The empirical estimation is performed through spatial lag and spatial Durbin models. All emitted air pollutants in 31 provinces have significant spatial dependence and strong spillover effects. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between emitted air pollutants (NO_x, PM₁₀, VOCs, and PM_2.5) and per capita GDP, which follows the EKC hypothesis. The relationship between SO₂ and per capita GDP does not follow the EKC hypothesis. There is a positive relationship between pollutant emissions and coal consumption, which is consistent with current studies for various countries like Canada, Denmark, UK and US and regions like New York State. However, the effects of science and technology investment on air pollutants are mostly positive, which is not as policy expected.     

Synergizing independent and cooperative R&D activities: the effects of organisational slack and absorptive capacity

Firms undertaking independent and cooperative research and development (R&D) activities simultaneously often have difficulties to realise their synergistic effects. This study contends that such difficulties are caused by tensions between two types of R&D activities in terms of resource competition and knowledge leakage. Moreover, organisational slack and absorptive capacity may affect these tensions and thereby play important role in synergizing independent and cooperative R&D activities. Based on a survey data of 286 firms, this study finds that such two types of R&D activities jointly have a negative impact on firm performance. Furthermore, organisational slack aids in synergizing them, while absorptive capacity has an adverse impact. These findings enrich our knowledge on the interrelation of independent and cooperative R&D activities and shed light on how firms can synergize them.     

广东老字号品牌文化内涵及形成机制研究

本文从文化解释的角度对广东老字号品牌文化的内涵进行研究。通过对24家知名度高、代表性强的广东老字号的相关品牌信息做内容分析,总结出10个代表广东老字号品牌文化内涵的词语,然后对它们进行了归类和分层,接着提练出广东老字号品牌精神的词语——神秘、永恒和可信。在此基础上结合“天地人”品牌营销模型进行了解释,最后从儒家文化、超自然崇拜和岭南文化的影响三方面对广东老字号品牌文化内涵的形成原因进行了解释。