水资源开发利用生态后果及流域生态资产经济评价方法综述

本文论述了流域水资源的生态资产价值、流域水资源开发生态后果及其生态资产的经济评价方法。流域水资源生态资产评价应根据不同流域、同一流域不同河段水资源主要功能,当地社会经济发展水平和环境保护状况等,选择或使用不同的方法加以研究。     

Nursing case management: affecting quality and cost

North Mississippi Health Services' nursing case management program has been deemed a success by all parties involved, especially the patients. High-risk patients with specific chronic health problems receive an enhanced level of care and experience significant reductions in cost, length of stay, and repeat hospitalizations. Quality of life for many of these patients is also improved. These outcomes are made possible by assigning a registered nurse to case manage or coordinate care for these patients.     

Costly Pre‐Play Communication and Coordination in Stag‐Hunt Games

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the impact of costly indirect and direct messages on coordination levels in a stag‐hunt game. Three main insights emerge from our experiments. First, we find a significant decrease in message usage with message cost in both treatments and a higher decrease in the indirect‐message treatment. Second, we find that although there is no significant effect of costless or costly indirect messages on the frequency of risky actions, both costless, and costly direct messages significantly increase the frequency of risky actions. Third, while we find a significant increase in the coordination rate on the payoff‐dominant equilibrium from costless indirect message treatment to costly indirect message treatment, this rate significantly decreases from costless direct message to costly direct message treatment. Our findings show that depending on the structure of messages, message cost may increase or decrease the coordination rates on the payoff‐dominant equilibrium with respect to costless communication. However, costly communication increases efficient coordination rates with respect to the no communication baseline. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高农民消费质量:公共消费品供给制度创新的视角

在全面实现小康的进程中，随着我国农村居民生活消费逐步由数量满足型向质量提高型转化，农村公共消费品需求日益增加。但现实中，在城乡割裂的二元公共产品供给模式下，我国农村包括公共基础设施、义务教育、公共卫生、社会保障等在内的主要公共消费品供给明显不足。这一状况严重制约了农民消费质量的持续提高，亟待引起重视，并通过制度创新加以改进。     

城镇居民消费需求结构变化的线性分析

近年来，居民消费需求结构发生较大变化，该变化的政策含义包括：第一，应该重视对教育和医疗保健消费的引导和培养；第二，采取措施增加居民可支配收入；第三，提高社会保障水平，采取措施缩小收入分配差距，减少人们对未来收入和就业的不确定性等等。     

The Reasons Behind Non-Ethical Behaviour in Business and Entrepreneurship

Despite the recent increase in interest in corporate social responsibility and the propagation of corporate governance in both business and academic literature, from observations of actual practice, the author has seen at all company levels, in everyday operations, instances of non-ethical behaviour vis-à-vis the whole gamut of stakeholders. This state of affairs is linked with: pressure from stakeholders, short-term tactics, hegemony of financial considerations, ‘juridisation’ of business, the tyranny of communications and the media and the difficulties in translating strategy into practical implementation. The paper scrutinises the motivation and the psychology of entrepreneurs and business people, and their behaviour is compared to other professional groups and confronted with the decline in ethics in society as described by some important observers. The conclusion drawn is that the recent positive evolutions do not provide sufficient ethical guidelines for the day-to-day activities of middle managers and entrepreneurs in the present competitive environment. Managers will always be confronted by difficult choices with ethical dilemmas. There will always be a tension between theory and pragmatism, but progress can be made with the effective implementation of the ethical discourse in companies. To achieve this, ethical management should not be confined to the large strategic issues but also applied to the small practical matters of everyday business life. Ethics in business and entrepreneurship requires more than corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR).     

Diferencias de satisfacción con el trabajo en Europa según nivel salarial

Los datos de seis olas (1996–2001) del Panel de Hogares de la Unión Europea (PHOGUE) indican que los trabajadores que cobran salarios bajos están mucho menos contentos que los que perciben una remuneración alta en el sur de Europa, si bien no ocurre lo mismo en los países del norte. Los empleos europeos de remuneración modesta no son forzosamente malos, aunque sí lo son en algunos países donde un sector de los trabajadores sufre de lleno el doble infortunio del trabajo mediocre con salario bajo. Las diferencias nacionales obedecen a las características propias de la transacción entre flexibilidad y seguridad, por lo que es esencial impulsar políticas que mejoren la calidad del trabajo.     

Los efectos de la inestabilidad laboral en el trabajador y la dependencia del empleo

La globalización y el avance de la competencia internacional van acompañados de unos regímenes de contratación más flexibles y un aumento de la inestabilidad del empleo. Los autores estudian los efectos de la inseguridad laboral que sienten los trabajadores en sus propias actitudes e intenciones en el trabajo. Tras pasar revista a las investigaciones realizadas acerca de la teoría del estrés y las consecuencias de la inestabilidad laboral, ponen a prueba dos hipótesis en 942 trabajadores españoles. La primera es que la inestabilidad disminuye la satisfacción con el trabajo y la entrega a la empresa, a la vez que alienta la intención de abandonar ésta. La segunda es que la sensación de inseguridad, la necesidad económica y la «empleabilidad>> están interrelacionadas e influyen en la actitud del trabajador.     

Do financial advisors exhibit myopic loss aversion?

Myopic loss aversion (MLA) has been proposed as an explanation for the equity premium puzzle, and a number of experiments on students indicate that people do exhibit MLA. However, many people do not rely on their own judgment when making investment decisions, but obtain help from financial investment advisors on how to allocate their wealth. The preferences and choices of financial advisors are thus important for understanding investment behavior. In this paper we make use of 50 professional financial advisors to examine whether they exhibit behavior consistent with MLA. Indeed, we find that they behave consistently with MLA to a larger extent than students.     

Restaurants’ social enterprise business model: Three case studies

ABSTRACT

This research explores the application of the Social Enterprise business model within the context of the hospitality industry. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative primary research was conducted through three case studies. The research suggests that hospitality social enterprises encounter many unique challenges as a result of social mission implications. The research provides a foundation for industry and academic recommendations. Most importantly, detailed recommendations such as strategic planning, strict budgeting, and mission/profit balance are derived for hospitality social enterprise managers to improve efficiency and counteract industry-specific challenges.