以客户为中心的“解决问题创新服务系统”的方法

以客户为中心的“解决问题创新服务系统”的方法●周桂荣译刘子明校●〔美〕多种资源联合会ＱＩＡＮＥＦＯＵＣＡＲ－ＳＺＯＣＫＩ罗杰Ｌ·佛罗里森任何解决问题的创新的大胆行动的成功，是由许多可知与不可知因素决定的。因此，必须更好地了解与剖析影响创造性成功的...     

Who Gains from the Demographic Dividend? Forecasting Income by Age

Changes in the population age structure are known to influence the total income per person, but little is known about whether the changes are equally shared across the population or are concentrated on particular age groups and/or birth cohorts. The answer to this question has potentially important implications for income inequality, human capital investment, and fertility decision-making. We propose a new model of intergenerational transfers which distinguishes between the effects of changes in population structure and the effects of changes in family age structure. Using age-specific data from annual income and expenditure surveys of Taiwan between 1978 and 1998, we show that changes in age structure have had a very favorable effect on Taiwan's income growth. The gains are not equally shared by all age groups, however. Children and young adults have benefited the most, while the elderly have benefited the least. The population and family age structures have independent effects on per capita income; the effect of the population age structure is most important. Generational differences in per capita income are closely related to intergenerational differences in earnings, suggesting only a weak form of altruism. Finally, we predict that, on average, population aging will adversely influence the per capita income growth in Taiwan in the coming decades.     

Headship rates and the household formation process in Great Britain

"This paper looks at the changes in headship rates in Great Britain over the period 1960-1979, and attempts to explain them in terms of economic variables, such as real income and the real cost of housing. Such variables are found to be significant for some household types, but not for others. Notably, young single person household formation appears to be more supply constrained and to respond to appropriate supply variables." Furthermore, "some comparisons are made with similar studies done on similar data from the USA and France. These studies reveal a number of features in common, but also some differences, and these are commented upon."     

Waves of migration: a new situation

An attempt is made to forecast migration trends affecting those countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union. "The new migratory trends are characterized by at least three fundamentally important elements: the ouster of the newly arrived population from the social niche that it had recently occupied, emigration from overpopulated regions, and growing emigration beyond the borders of the former Union."     

电力行业中的规制改革

20世纪70年代后期，大量智力、政治和经济发展因素开始融合并持续到整个80年代，已经引起了传统的自然垄断观点的根本性变革。这些近来的变革包括：(1)对国家公共事业制起源的观点修正；(2)在理论和经验上对电力行业的自然垄断提出挑战；(3)在回报率规制(RORR)下；(4)政府使用所有权和规制，在经济上的规文已经遍及全世界，并弱化了对改革的政治对立。     

一个关于地方支出的纯理论

近年来，马斯格雷夫(Musgrave)和萨缪尔森(Samuelson)的工作成为应用经济理论的一项重要发展。他们一致认为，在公共产品的支出水平上不存在“市场解”。因而，与私人部门相比，在公共部门中有相当比例的国民收入并没有实现最优配置。本文的研究将表明，尽管马斯格雷夫和萨缪尔森的分析对联邦支出是适用的，但并不适用于地方支出。文章将重述马斯格雷夫和萨缪尔森论文中的假设及核心问题。接下来，在考虑联邦财政和地方财政的关键差异后，将提出一个简单的模型。由这个模型产生的地方层次上公共产品支出水平的解要比在整个国家层次上产生的解能更加充分地反映出居民的偏好。随后，将放宽假设，以便理解该模型的涵义。最后将讨论有关政策。     

澳大利亚企业首席执行官与信息技术经理之间观点不一致的实证研究

1.引言 随着企业的不断变革。信息技术(IT)管理问题也变得越来越棘手了。在IT管理中,今天是非常重要的因素,明天可能就变得无足轻重了。另外,各类企业中的商务和IT领域持续以惊人的速度相结合。在这种复杂的环境中,IT的管理已经不再仅仅是IT经理的工作了。许多关于信息技术的决策显然也超出了IT经理的工作范围。有一些关于企业存亡与竞争的关键     

新疆煤矿瓦斯爆炸的原因和事故预防措施

文章在认真分析和研究新疆煤矿瓦斯爆炸原因、当前煤矿瓦斯管理工作中存在的问题和不足,提出煤矿瓦斯管理工作中有关建议和意见等。