利润——外商来华投资的根本目的

最近几个月以来,有很多文章在探讨按照国际惯例经营中国的合资企业问题,我愿谈一谈我对这一重要论题的看法。如果中国要继续获得甚至增加外国投资,也许更重要的是外国技术,中国必须满足几个条件。按照国际惯例经营的一个最重要因素就是要允许合理地回收投资(ROI),也就是说既然以硬通货投入,那么利润必须以硬通货获取,投资者还能够把利润带走。这一点在中国很难作到。正是因为这个最重要的原因,外国的商     

生态农业模式构建与应用——以广饶县为例

本文从农业可持续发展、资源永续利用的原则出发,探讨了构建生态农业模式的原则,以山东省广饶县为例,系统分析了在该县构建和应用生态农业模式的优势条件和制约因素,具体论述了适合广饶县发展的三种生态农业模式:农—牧—沼型、上粮下渔型和草—畜—乳型生态农业模式。     

应用PowerAudit2.02进行财政预算执行审计的几点体会

近年来，我局在对县本级财政预算执行审计中，广泛应用PowerAudit2.02财政总预算会计计算机辅助审计系统，不仅规范了审计工作，提高了审计效率，而且实现了在把握财政预算收支总体状况下，从财政预算分配环节入手，跟踪资金流向，推动财政预算审计工作进一步深化的目的。     

结构塑性设计优化理论

2—2 园板的举例轴线对称荷载的园板是最简单的例子,无论怎样都保持一般壳体问题的所有基本特性.有一个用特尔斯克(Tresca)材料做的简支夹芯园板.承受均匀分布荷载,在园环中有相等的γ种θ(图2)弯曲的主要比率Kr和Kθ仅仅是通过主要的弯矩M_γ和M_θ而归结为应变.屈服的轨迹已消楚的知道,如图3所示的特尔斯克六方晶体.     

世界贸易需要国际标准

今年10月14日是第28届世界标准日,ISO主席廖文良、IEC主席伯纳德·法尔克、ITU秘书长派卡·塔扎尼发表以“世界贸易需要国际标准”为主题的世界标准日祝词,祝词指出“标准总是与贸易紧密相连”。“世界贸易量的增长继续超过世界生产量的增长,市场正在变成全球性的”。“世界贸易组织(WTO)‘贸易技术壁垒协议’(TBT)明确认识到作为全球市场技术基础的国际标准的重要使用。贸易技术壁垒协议敦促各国政府最大可能地尽量地采用国际标准,以防止在商品自由流通中造成不必要的障碍”。     

"No fear" fund raising

Successfully asking for a major gift requires practice. We only raise major gifts by asking and that requires us to get out there in front of major gift prospects. We must discipline ourselves to do just that. Being a successful major gift fund raiser requires continual practice.     

约束的界限——转轨经济学中的所有权和硬预算约束

文献认为，硬预算约束可以促使公司采取必要的重组行为。本文认为，金融约束难以弥补公司治理结构的不足。以后共产主义的转轨经济资料为基础，本文认为成功的收入重组需要内含在一定所有权类型中的企业家动力。另外，国有公司将继续引起比民营化公司更高的信贷风险，因而硬预算约束政策的效用会减弱。虽然债权人的“软弱”在很多方面是不利的，但如果这可以防止那些原则上能够通过转让所有权而成功实现重组的公司不至于倒闭，那么，这就不一定不合理。     

A child health production function estimated from longitudinal data. Cebu Study Team

Collaborating researchers used a multi equation model to analyze 3080 mother-infant pairs living on the island of Cebu in the central Philippines and to estimate a child health production function. The econometric methods used eliminated obstacles such as heterogeneity and endogeneity of significant explanatory factors. They also maximized the longitudinal quality of the data. The results showed that morbidity in 1 period reduced infant weight in following periods. For example, diarrhea and febrile respiratory infection reduced growth in the time period following the illnesses. Further effects of some contributing factors were great near birth not diminished with age. For example, breast feeding promoted growth and protected against infection, especially diarrhea and febrile respiratory infection, more substantially near birth than it did later. Further, in urban areas, preventive health care positively affected growth independently of its indirect influence on reducing respiratory infection. Yet it had little effect on diarrhea. Diarrhea had a strong adverse effect on growth. Exposure of the infant to enteric pathogens had the greatest influence on production of diarrhea. In urban areas, exposure included water supply contamination, exposure to feces, a more pathogenic diet, and community crowding. In rural areas, however, exposure included community crowding and increased rainfall which presumably washed feces into the water supply. Household crowding in both urban and rural areas and irritation from smoke in urban areas only tended to bring about febrile respiratory infection.