结构塑性设计优化理论

2—2 园板的举例轴线对称荷载的园板是最简单的例子,无论怎样都保持一般壳体问题的所有基本特性.有一个用特尔斯克(Tresca)材料做的简支夹芯园板.承受均匀分布荷载,在园环中有相等的γ种θ(图2)弯曲的主要比率Kr和Kθ仅仅是通过主要的弯矩M_γ和M_θ而归结为应变.屈服的轨迹已消楚的知道,如图3所示的特尔斯克六方晶体.     

世界贸易需要国际标准

今年10月14日是第28届世界标准日,ISO主席廖文良、IEC主席伯纳德·法尔克、ITU秘书长派卡·塔扎尼发表以“世界贸易需要国际标准”为主题的世界标准日祝词,祝词指出“标准总是与贸易紧密相连”。“世界贸易量的增长继续超过世界生产量的增长,市场正在变成全球性的”。“世界贸易组织(WTO)‘贸易技术壁垒协议’(TBT)明确认识到作为全球市场技术基础的国际标准的重要使用。贸易技术壁垒协议敦促各国政府最大可能地尽量地采用国际标准,以防止在商品自由流通中造成不必要的障碍”。     

朱兰的直言

在朱兰质量领导中心最近举行的企业和学术界领导人峰会期间,朱兰作了一次难得的公开露面,并发出了行动号令。我利用一对一的采访机会向他提出了一个问题:你如何向最高管理层“兜售”质量?     

"No fear" fund raising

Successfully asking for a major gift requires practice. We only raise major gifts by asking and that requires us to get out there in front of major gift prospects. We must discipline ourselves to do just that. Being a successful major gift fund raiser requires continual practice.     

约束的界限——转轨经济学中的所有权和硬预算约束

文献认为，硬预算约束可以促使公司采取必要的重组行为。本文认为，金融约束难以弥补公司治理结构的不足。以后共产主义的转轨经济资料为基础，本文认为成功的收入重组需要内含在一定所有权类型中的企业家动力。另外，国有公司将继续引起比民营化公司更高的信贷风险，因而硬预算约束政策的效用会减弱。虽然债权人的“软弱”在很多方面是不利的，但如果这可以防止那些原则上能够通过转让所有权而成功实现重组的公司不至于倒闭，那么，这就不一定不合理。     

对质量管理体系认证过程的评价

第十三届亚太质量组织国际会议暨第六届中国上海国际质量研讨会于2007年10月18日至20日在中国上海举行。会议组委会收到了来自美国、英国、澳大利亚、印度、菲律宾、伊朗、新加坡等20个国家的专家、学者、企业家和质量经理人的论文，本刊从中选出五篇外文论文摘要刊载，以飨读者。     

A child health production function estimated from longitudinal data. Cebu Study Team

Collaborating researchers used a multi equation model to analyze 3080 mother-infant pairs living on the island of Cebu in the central Philippines and to estimate a child health production function. The econometric methods used eliminated obstacles such as heterogeneity and endogeneity of significant explanatory factors. They also maximized the longitudinal quality of the data. The results showed that morbidity in 1 period reduced infant weight in following periods. For example, diarrhea and febrile respiratory infection reduced growth in the time period following the illnesses. Further effects of some contributing factors were great near birth not diminished with age. For example, breast feeding promoted growth and protected against infection, especially diarrhea and febrile respiratory infection, more substantially near birth than it did later. Further, in urban areas, preventive health care positively affected growth independently of its indirect influence on reducing respiratory infection. Yet it had little effect on diarrhea. Diarrhea had a strong adverse effect on growth. Exposure of the infant to enteric pathogens had the greatest influence on production of diarrhea. In urban areas, exposure included water supply contamination, exposure to feces, a more pathogenic diet, and community crowding. In rural areas, however, exposure included community crowding and increased rainfall which presumably washed feces into the water supply. Household crowding in both urban and rural areas and irritation from smoke in urban areas only tended to bring about febrile respiratory infection.