西方流行文化

“流行文化”是指一种艺术或者娱乐。这种艺术和娱乐基于满足来自任何社会的普通人的要求——人们得到他们想要的这个观念。然而，至少在现代西方世界，这种情况更像是上世纪70年代英国摇滚乐队“果酱乐队（The Jam）”的主唱保罗·威尔所描述的“人们想要人们得到的”那样。关于什么是“流行的”，似乎是那些从“文化”市场捞钱的人所决定的，而不是那些关注和经常为满足大众做点什么的艺术家们。     

1750吨水压机的改造

福斯·布朗公司和英国一家钢厂共同完成了1750吨水压机的改造工作。该水压机造于1956年,采用气液直接接触式空气蓄势器传动,并装有油压遥控伺服系统,在技术上当时处于世界领先地位。具有三级锻造(加压能力分三级),每分钟80次的精整快速锻造的优点。该水压机经过20多年三班制的使用,未曾进行过大修理,但性能已下降,维修费用、产品成本都在增加。该公司领导对水压机改造的第一个决策是该压机     

Long-term trends in the reproduction of the population

The extent to which long-term demographic trends can be accurately estimated is examined. The impact of factors such as migration, family structure, marriage and divorce patterns, and age distribution is discussed. Differences between the concepts of zero population growth and a stable population growth rate are noted. The focus is on the USSR, and comparisons with other developed countries are included.     

Human capital and the time-profile of human fertility

This is a 1st attempt at an explicitly intertemporal, microeconomic theory of the distribution of births over a woman's fertile period. The main results are that: 1) the optimal time-profile will satisfy the Hotelling rule for the depletion of a natural resource (in the present case of the women's stock of human capital at marriage); and 2) under certain simplifying assumptions, women with "high" initial endowments of human capital will have all their children in the 1st part of married life and then return to full-time employment, while women with "low" initial endowments will spread childbearing more evenly over the fertile period. It must also be pointed out that the characteristics of the optimal fertility profile might be different if utility depended directly on the profile itself--e.g., if the quality of children increased with the interval between the pregnancies, as assumed in the literature on birth spacing.     

Indian women: well-being and survival

The authors examine sex differentials in sustenance and survival in developing countries using the example of India. Lower female life expectancy at birth and the declining ratio of females to males are discussed as evidence of female deprivation. Consideration is given to the feeding, survival, and neglect of female children, to differences in use of medical facilities by sex, and to regional differences by state. This pattern of discrimination is found to persist even in urban areas.