全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1676篇 |
免费 | 59篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 194篇 |
工业经济 | 84篇 |
计划管理 | 255篇 |
经济学 | 587篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
运输经济 | 45篇 |
旅游经济 | 34篇 |
贸易经济 | 333篇 |
农业经济 | 81篇 |
经济概况 | 116篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 31篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 77篇 |
2018年 | 85篇 |
2017年 | 91篇 |
2016年 | 83篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 240篇 |
2012年 | 99篇 |
2011年 | 105篇 |
2010年 | 88篇 |
2009年 | 95篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 42篇 |
2005年 | 42篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1735条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
This paper addresses the question of what it takes to obtain a well-defined extensive form game. Without relying on simplifying finiteness or discreteness assumptions, we characterize the class of game trees for which all pure strategy combinations induce unique outcomes. The generality of the set-up covers “exotic” cases, like stochastic games or decision problems in continuous time (differential games). We find that the latter class, though a well-defined problem, fails this test. 相似文献
142.
This paper analyzes the role of retaliation in trade agreements. It shows that, in the presence of private information, retaliation can always be used to increase the welfare derived from such agreements by the participating governments. In particular, it is shown that retaliation is a necessary feature of any efficient equilibrium.We argue that retaliation would not be necessary if governments could resort to international transfers or export subsidies to compensate for terms-of-trade externalities. Within the current world trading system, though, in which transfers are seldom observed whereas export subsidies are prohibited, the use of the remaining trade instruments in a retaliatory fashion might be optimal. The model is used to interpret the retaliatory use of antidumping observed in the last decades, and the proliferation of these measures relative to other trade remedies. 相似文献
143.
Angeles Fernandez-Izquierdo Juan Carlos Matallin-Saez 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,81(2):247-260
There is currently much debate in the economic literature about whether ethical investment involves a financial sacrifice
or premium. One of the most common methods of testing this compares the financial performance of ethical investment funds
with that of other funds not considered “socially responsible” or ethical. The majority of these research studies evaluate
the performance of the ethical funds according to classic measures, whereby different financial markets, in different countries
and for different periods of time serve as reference for evaluation. The ultimate conclusion of all of these studies is that
there are no significant differences between the performance results of one type of funds and the other. In Spain, ethical
investment funds are still an incipient sector of investment. To date, the Spanish market has not been included in any type
of analysis of these characteristics. Therefore the main objective of this article is to compare the financial performance
of ethical investment funds to that of other funds in the Spanish retail market. We propose the aggregate type of analysis
as the Spanish ethical investment funds have experienced a weaker development in comparison to those of other developed countries.
In the first step we suggest the financial performance to be compared by style analysis since the asset distribution of the
Spanish Social Return Investment (SRI) funds differs from the European trend. In particular, we use the multifactor regression
model with style benchmarks. We found that their financial performance is in all cases superior or similar to that achieved
by the rest of the funds. In the second step, to achieve a more robust and homogeneous comparison, we used the bootstrap method,
comparing ethical and non-ethical fund subsamples by homogeneous groups. No significant differences between these two types
of funds have been found. Thus, if we assume the positive o neutral effect of ethical investment on investor utility in the
retail Spanish market the financial and social performance (FSP) of ethical funds will be, in aggregate, superior to the FSP
achieved by conventional funds. In conclusion, the financial performance of ethical mutual funds in Spain is no sacrifice. 相似文献
144.
Carlos N. Bouza 《Metrika》2009,70(3):267-277
This paper is devoted to the analysis of the estimation of the mean of a sensitive variable. The use of a randomized response
(RR) procedure gives confidence to the interviewed that his privacy is protected. We consider that a simple random sampling
with replacement design is used for selecting a sample. The behavior of the RR procedure, when ranked set sampling is the
design used, is developed under three different ranking criteria. The usual gain in accuracy associated with the use of ranked
set sampling is exhibited only by one of the designs. The behavior of the models is illustrated using data provided by a study
of samples of persons infected with AIDS. 相似文献
145.
Input–output analysis is usually based on tables of accounts expressed in uniform monetary or physical units. However, from a process system modelling perspective, tables of accounts in sector specific units may be more useful for evaluating the effectiveness of new production technologies on reducing pollutant emissions. Using the sector specific unit conceptualization of an IO table, one can consider the effect of changes in direct input coefficients for a particular sector on the complete set of total input coefficients independently from the other direct input coefficients. A process system modelling based method for calculating the total industrial outputs from a new technology matrix together with the new relative prices for each sector output is presented. The method is then used to study the effect of technology changes in the steel making industry in Liaoning Province, China on prices and pollutant emissions. 相似文献
146.
Mozambique Metical Exchange Rate Dynamics: Evidence of Fractional Co‐Integration in the USA and South African Rates 下载免费PDF全文
Carlos P. Barros Luis Alberiko Gil‐Alana João Faria 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2015,83(4):569-575
This paper studies the exchange rate dynamics of the Mozambique metical with respect to the US dollar and the South African rand. However, instead of using standard I(0)/I(1) techniques, we use long memory and fractionally integrated and co‐integrated models. Our results indicate that the two exchange rates are highly persistent, with orders of integration equal to or above 1. They also seem to be co‐integrated, with an order of integration close to albeit above 0 but with an AR coefficient very close to 1. Thus, although the two series seem to be fractionally co‐integrated, shocks in the long‐run relationship between the two variables are persistent and take a long time to disappear. 相似文献
147.
The appropriation of water for economic activities is limited by regional surface and underground endowments, and symptoms of environmentally unsustainable withdrawals are already visible in many regions of the world. In this paper we investigate the economic implications of water policy imposing source- and region-specific restrictions on water withdrawals taking the Mexican economy as a case study. We use an inter-regional input–output model of Mexico's hydro-economic regions to allocate production subject to the availability of water and other factors of production. Water sustainability requires a reduction of 7.5?km3/yr of groundwater withdrawals, which is compensated by an increase of 3.4?km3/yr of surface water, an expansion onto an additional 1.4 million hectares of rainfed land, and modifications in subnational patterns of food trade. This framework for evaluating scenarios describing sustainability-oriented water policies is readily applicable to other regions. 相似文献
148.
Quan Dong Juan Carlos Bárcena‐Ruiz María Begoña Garzón 《Australian economic papers》2015,54(4):250-265
We analyse why the Chinese government sets restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI). We focus our analysis on the percentage of shares in relocated firms that the government allows to be foreign‐owned. The government's decision on this percentage depends on the entry cost, the number of firms that relocate and the weight of the consumer surplus in the objective function of the government. We show that by its choice of this percentage, the Chinese government may restrict or encourage FDI to its country. We also find that if the government may subsidise the fixed entry cost, it provides a subsidy only when the producer surplus has a greater weight than the consumer surplus in weighted welfare. In that case, the subsidy encourages relocation by both firms and permits the government to allow a lower percentage of shares to be foreign‐owned in relocated firms. 相似文献
149.
This paper revisits the issue of the optimal exchange rate regime in a flexible price environment. The key innovation is that we analyze this question in the context of environments where only a fraction of agents participate in asset market transactions (i.e., asset markets are segmented). Under this friction alternative exchange rate regimes have different implications for real allocations in the economy. In the context of this environment we show that flexible exchange rates are optimal under monetary shocks and fixed exchange rates are optimal under real shocks. 相似文献
150.
As the title aptly notes, in The English Gentleman Merchantat Work Søren Mentz explores merchant connections betweenIndia and London from the mid-seventeenth to the mid-eighteenthcentury. In particular, the book explores the organization ofprivate trade by East India Company personnel operating fromMadras on the Coromandel coast of India. Mentz argues that thesetrades should not be seen as merely part of an already existingIndian/Asian trade but rather as 相似文献