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961.
962.
Marketers have traditionally evaluated products and practices on the basis of whether something could be sold. It is also important to evaluate products and practices from a societal perspective, “Should a product be sold?” The first idea reflects a managerial orientation and what must be done to sell a product; the second idea reflects a societal orientation and the impact of selling a product. In relation to the second idea, the societal marketing concept was introduced in 1972. There has been little advancement in our understanding of a societal orientation since that time. The current study presents a conceptualization of a societal orientation based on a review of literature and qualitative interviews. The construct was conceptualized as “attention to the long-term well-being of individuals and society at large by enhancing positive impacts from and reducing negative effects associated with production and consumption of a product.” Five domains comprising a societal orientation are proposed: physical consequences, psychological well-being, social relationships, economic contribution, and environmental consciousness. 相似文献
963.
This research applies the impression management theory of exemplification in an accounting study by identifying and measuring
differences in both auditor and public perceptions of exemplary behaviors. The auditors were divided into two groups, one
of which reported self-perceptions (A-S) while the other group reported their perceptions of a typical auditor (A-O). There
were two separate public groups, which gave their perceptions of a typical auditor and were divided based on their levels
of accounting sophistication. The more sophisticated public group was comprised of bank loan officers (LO) while the less
sophisticated public group consisted of investment club members (IC). Comparisons were made on 30 behaviors contained in the
AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, which served as the basis for the research instrument. Profile analysis, a special form of MANOVA technique, was used to
analyze the results. A-S perceptions were the highest of the four treatment levels and were significantly higher (i.e., more
exemplary) than the perceptions of both the A-O and LO groups. The more sophisticated user group (LO) provided the lowest
perceptions of the four treatment levels. For at least four of the six measures, the LO treatment group perceived the typical
auditor to be less exemplary than both the IC and A-O treatments. There were no differences in perceptions between the A-O
group and IC. Additional analysis revealed that auditors overrated the degree to which the public relied on financial statements.
However, both public groups reported a reasonably high level of reliance on financial statements when making decisions.
Philip A. Brown is an Associate Professor and Directtor of the Accounting Program at Harding University in Searcy, Arkansas.
He has a bachelor's degree from Harding University, an MBA from West Virginia University and a Ph.D. from the University of
Mississippi. His research interests are in accounting ethics and in accounting education. He has published in Advances in Accounting, The Journal of Accounting and Finance Research, and others. He is a CPA in the State of Arkansas.
Morris H. Stocks serves as the Dean of the Patterson School of Accountancy at the Universtiy of Mississippi. He received his
undergraduate degree in accounting from Trevecca Nazarene University, his Masters degree from Middle Tennessee State University
and his Ph.D. from the University of South Carolina. He is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of Mississippi. He is
a behavioral accounting researcher and has published in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Accounting Horizons, Behavioural Research in Accounting, Decision Sciences Journal,
Advances in Accounting, Advances in Accounting Information Systems, Advances in Behavioral Accounting Research, Accounting,
Auditing and Accountability Journal, Advances in Taxation and others.
W. Mark Wilder is KPMG Lecturer and Associate Professor of Accountancy at The University of Mississippi. His educational background
includes a bachelor's degree in mathematics from The University of Alabama, an MBA from the University of South Alabama, and
a Ph.D. in Accounting from Florida State University. He is a CPA in the State of Mississippi. Mark has published in Accounting Horizons, Advances in Taxation, the Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, the Journal of Computer and Information
Systems, the CPA Journal, and others. In the past 2 years he has received several awards, including the top two campus-wide faculty awards at Ole
Miss and also the MSCPA Outstanding Educator Award. In 2004 he was inducted into the Alabama Tennis Hall of Fame. 相似文献
964.
Pamela Mueller 《Small Business Economics》2007,28(4):355-362
Knowledge is recognized as an important ingredient for economic growth in addition to physical capital and labor. While transforming
knowledge into products and processes it is exploited commercially. Nevertheless, the existing knowledge stock and the absorptive
capacity of actors like employees at firms and researchers at universities and research institutions are conditional for the
ability to produce, identify, and exploit knowledge. Since incumbent firms do not exploit new knowledge to the full extent,
realized entrepreneurial opportunities may arise. This paper tests the hypothesis whether or not entrepreneurship is an important
vehicle for knowledge flows and economic growth. The empirical results indicate that an increase in innovative start-up activity
is more effective than an increase in general entrepreneurship for economic growth.
相似文献
965.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Theory and Practice in a Developing Country Context 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
After providing an overview of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research in different contexts, and noting the varied
methodologies adopted, two robust CSR conceptualizations – one by Carroll (1979, ‘A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of
Corporate Performance’, The Academy of Management Review
4(4), 497–505) and the other by Wood (1991, ‘Corporate Social Performance Revisited’, The Academy of Management Review
16(4), 691–717) – have been adopted for this research and their integration explored. Using this newly synthesized framework,
the research critically examines the CSR approach and philosophy of eight companies that are considered active in CSR in the
Lebanese context. The findings suggest the lack of a systematic, focused, and institutionalized approach to CSR and that the
understanding and practice of CSR in Lebanon are still grounded in the context of philanthropic action. The findings are qualified
within the framework of existing contextual realities and relevant implications drawn accordingly.
Dr. Jamali is Assistant Professor of Management at the Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut. She holds
a BA in Public Administartion from the American University of Beirut, and a Ph.D. in Social Policy and Administration, from
the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK. Her research interests encompass corporate social responsibility, public private
partnerships, learning organizations and women issues. She worked as an expert consultant on projects funded by the World
Bank, the US Agency for International Development, NGOs, and other regional and local public and private firms. She is the
author of numerous studies and international peer reviewed publications in various international journals, including the Journal
of Management Development, the International Journal of Public Sector Management, the International Journal of Quality and
Reliability Management, Business Process Management Journal, Public Works, Management and Policy and Women in Management Review.
Ramez Mirshak Graduated with honors from the American University in Cairo (AUC) with a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
in February 2001, then worked for two years in Egypt in the field of marketing and management. In 2004–2005, pursued his Masters
of Business Administration at the American University of Beirut (AUB), researching primarily issues relating to change management
and corporate social responsibility under the supervision of Dr. Dima Jamali, then joined a leading international financial
institution as a regional Management Associate, while maintaining links with AUB and working on several research based projects. 相似文献
966.
This study examines the presence and roles of female directors of U.S. Fortune 500 firms, focusing on committee assignments
and director background. Prior work from almost two decades ago concludes that there is a systematic bias against females
in assignment to top board committees. Examining a recent data set with a logistic regression model that controls for director
and firm characteristics, director resource-dependence roles and interaction between director gender and director characteristics,
we find that female directors are less likely than male directors to sit on executive committees and more likely than male
directors to sit on public affairs committees. There is little if any evidence of systematic gender bias in director assignment
to other board committees. We find some evidence that boards evaluate resource dependence differently for women than men.
Craig A. Peterson Western Michigan University, Grand Rapios, MI 49503, USA
Craig A. Peterson is associate professor of finance at Western Michigan University, Grand Rapids Regional Center. In addition
to corporate governance, his research interests include investment management and corporate finance.
James Philpot is assistant professor of finance and general business at Missouri State University. His research interests
include corporate governance, financial planning and financial education. 相似文献
967.
Interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has proliferated in academic and business circles alike. In the context
of CSR, the spotlight has traditionally focused on the role of the private sector particularly in view of its wealth and global
reach. Other actors have recently begun to assume more visible roles in the context of CSR, including Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) which have acquired increasing prominence on the socio-economic landscape. This article examines five partnerships
between businesses and NGOs in a developing country context that fall in the realm of CSR. The article starts with a literature
review, delineating foundational underpinnings that have to be carefully designed and crafted to promote the success of collaborative
ventures. An empirical study of five selected partnerships between businesses and NGOs in Lebanon is then presented, allowing
to derive interesting insights into types of existing alliances, their relational characteristics as well as salient factors
considered most determinant of success or failure in this regard. 相似文献
968.
Putting Ethics on the Agenda
for Real Estate Agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johannes Brinkmann 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(1):65-82
This article uses sociological role theory to help understand ethical challenges faced by Norwegian real estate agents. The
article begins with an introductory case, and then briefly examines the strengths and limitations of using legal definitions
and rules for understanding real estate agency and real estate agent ethics. It goes on to argue that the ethical challenges
of real estate agency can be described and understood as a system of conflicting roles with associated rights and duties,
in particular sales agent, intermediary and adviser sub-roles. The arguments are developed using exploratory findings from
a survey of Norwegian real estate agents and from several focus groups. The article then suggests the use of various intranet
tools as a kind of action research aimed at putting ethics on the real estate agents’ agenda, working to develop a collective
conscience and collective self- criticism among the agents, and, in doing so, building bridges between academic research and
the practical working world of the agents. 相似文献
969.
Jürgen Matthes 《Intereconomics》2009,44(2):114-128
At the start of European Monetary Union in 1999 the pessimists argued that it was too early for such a step and that EMU would aggravate economic divergences between the members, while the optimists believed that EMU itself would generate the integrative forces necessary to move towards the achievement of an optimum currency area. Ten years on, which of them prove to be right? 相似文献
970.
A tool retailers often use to improve their negotiating position with brand manufacturers is to delist - or threaten to delist - the manufacturers’ brand. Because brand manufacturers rely mainly on retailers to sell their products to consumers, a brand delisting will cause a sales loss for the brand manufacturer. Therefore, many brand manufacturers feel enormous pressure to give in and improve buying conditions to favor the retailer. The question thus emerges: Can a brand manufacturer resist a retailer's threat to delist its brand(s)? If a brand delisting severely hurts retail sales, it is easier for a brand manufacturer to resist. The authors study the impact of brand delistings on store switching and brand switching using a controlled online experiment and in-store shopper survey. They develop and test a conceptual model with several antecedents of consumers’ reactions to a brand delisting and conclude that brand equity, market share, and the products’ hedonic level drive store and brand switching. 相似文献