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51.
Alexander Krammer Bernd Heinrich Matthias Henneberger Florian Lautenbacher 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2011,3(6):345-358
Service-oriented architectures are widely discussed as a design principle for application and enterprise architectures. Nevertheless,
an adequate granularity of services has not yet been researched sufficiently from an economic perspective. The finer the granularity
to realize the functions of a process, the higher the number of services is, and the more effort has to be directed towards
composing them. In contrast, very coarse-grained services bear the disadvantages of higher implementation costs and lower
reuse potential (e.g., in different processes). The aim of the decision model proposed in this paper is to determine an adequate
granularity of services from an economical perspective. Thus, degrees of freedom, which often exist for the choice of granularity
after a domain analysis, can be leveraged to realize a cost-efficient solution. We illustrate the applicability and practical
benefits of the decision model with an example from the context of a financial services provider. 相似文献
52.
Fostering and supporting start-up businesses by unemployed persons has become an increasingly important issue in many European
countries. These new ventures are being subsidized by various governmental programs. Empirical evidence on skill-composition,
direct job creation and other key variables is rather scarce, largely because of inadequate data availability. We base our
analysis on unique survey data containing a representative sample of over 3,100 start-ups founded by unemployed persons in
Germany and subsidized under two different schemes: the bridging allowance (BA) and the start-up-subsidy (SUS). We are able to draw on extensive pre- and post-founding information concerning the characteristics of the business (start-up
capital, industry, etc.) and of the business founders (education, motivation, preparation, etc.). Our main results are: (1)
The two programs attracted very different business founders (higher skilled for the BA, more female persons for the SUS),
and different businesses were created (less capital intensive for the SUS). (2) We find that formerly unemployed founders
are motivated by push and pull factors. (3) Survival rates 2.5 years after business founding are quite high (around 70%) and similar for both programs
and across gender. (4) However, the newly developed businesses differ significantly in terms of direct employment effects.
While around 30% of the founders with the BA already have at least one employee, this is true for roughly 12% of the founders
with the SUS. 相似文献
53.
This paper uses a composite measure to examine why some countries attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) than others. The measure considers all identified, measurable, and comparable socioeconomic aspects that affect FDI decisions on an aggregated country level. As a result, we can rank 127 countries with respect to their FDI attraction. The measure allows detailed strength and weakness analyses and enhances the discussion of why FDI flows are concentrated in advanced economies. Additionally, the findings reveal the areas in which emerging countries should improve in order to narrow existing gaps. Our robustness checks indicate that the composite measure accurately tracks real FDI activity. 相似文献
54.
While dominant management thinking is steered by profit maximisation, this paper proposes that sustained organisational growth can best be stimulated by attention to the common good and the capacity of corporate leaders to create commitment to the common good. The leadership thinking of Kautilya and Ashoka embodies this principle. Both offer a common good approach, emphasising the leader's moral and legal responsibility for people's welfare, the robust interaction between the business community and the state, and the importance of moral training of leaders in identifying and promoting the common good. We argue that the complex process of re‐orientating corporate priorities towards the common good requires alertness and concerted effort if both business and society are to truly benefit. As Ashoka said: ‘A good deed is a difficult thing’. 相似文献
55.
Alexander Beutler 《Heilberufe》2011,63(12):10-13
Den Teufelskreis durchbrechen — Angst zu haben ist normal. Was aber, wenn in allt?glichen Situationen ?ngste und Panikattacken
auftreten oder gar allein der Gedanke an erlebte ?ngste ?ngstigt? Wenn die „Alarmanlage“ Angst gest?rt ist und st?ndig „Fehlalarme“
auftreten? Wie k?nnen Angsterkrankte den Teufelskreis durchbrechen und wie k?nnen Pflegende dabei entscheidend weiterhelfen? 相似文献
56.
Alexander E. Ellinger Malini Natarajarathinam Frank G. Adams J. Brian Gray Debra Hofman Kevin O’Marah 《Journal of Business Logistics》2011,32(3):214-226
Supply chain management (SCM) plays a major role in creating (or destroying) shareholder value by influencing the three major drivers of firm financial performance: revenue, operating costs, and working capital. Yet, the relationship between SCM competency and firm financial performance is not well‐established. Drawing on the resource‐based view of the firm, this study assesses this relationship using Delphi‐style opinion data from AMR Research’s Supply Chain Top 25 rankings to assess SCM competency and Altman’s (1968) Z‐score statistic as the measure of financial success. The study findings show that firms recognized by industry experts for SCM competency have significantly higher Z‐scores than their close competitors and industry averages. 相似文献
57.
This paper addresses the question of which variables have what kind of impact on the decision to locate new R&D facilities in countries different from the home country of a corporation. In the first section of the paper we demonstrate the complexity of this question by referring to empirical research, managerial statements and literature. We then develop a conceptual model for the location decision of international R&D activities. This is based on Porter's (1990) framework of the factors constituting the competitive advantage of nations. In the final section of this paper we show how such a model helps us to understand and also to explain a number of management issues related to global R&D activities. 相似文献
58.
A number of studies have used the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to integrate product market and financial theories of the firm. We reexamine the relationship between product market structure and systematic risk at the firm and industry level. We show that theory yields no testable implications at the firm level. We show, however, that there is a relationship between the intraindustry dispersion of systematic risk and industry concentration which depends on the causes and consequences of concentration. Estimates of the relationship between the intraindustry variance of and concentration for a 1987 cross-section of U.S. industries suggest that concentration allows larger firms to exercise market power. 相似文献
59.
60.